{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T03:25:44Z","timestamp":1787714744002,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Benef. Microbes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Probiotics have gained increasing evidence for their roles in health and disease. Microencapsulation can improve the consistency and efficacy of probiotic-fortified foods by enabling safer delivery to target regions of the gastrointestinal tract. We evaluated a probiotic snack bite containing microencapsulated\n                    <jats:italic>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    GG. Twenty-five healthy adults consumed one snack daily for 28 days, then a 7-day washout, followed by crossover. Outcomes included gastrointestinal health analysis, bowel movement ease and frequency, bloating, overall gut comfort, shotgun metagenomics and systemic biomarkers of barrier, brain function and inflammation. Compared with the lower-fibre control snack, the probiotic snack was associated with easier bowel movements and fewer constipation reports at end of period, while bloating remained low in both periods. However, because the products differed in nutritional composition, these findings cannot be attributed to\n                    <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    GG alone inflammatory and barrier biomarkers did not differ between treatments and stayed within healthy ranges. In an exploratory subgroup with elevated baseline serotonin, end-of-period serotonin was lower after the probiotic-containing snack than after the control snack, whereas brain-derived neurotrophic factor was unchanged. Daily intake of microencapsulated\n                    <jats:italic>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    GG was well tolerated and was associated with exploratory difference in bowel habit and serum serotonin in a subgroup, without detectable changes in systemic inflammation or barrier biomarkers.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:fig position=\"float\" orientation=\"portrait\" id=\"IMG000001\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"\/journals\/bm\/aop\/article-10.1163-18762891-bja00126\/18762891_bja00126_i0001.jpg\" position=\"float\" orientation=\"portrait\"\/>\n                    <\/jats:fig>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/18762891-bja00126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T03:05:20Z","timestamp":1787713520000},"page":"1-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A high-fibre snack containing Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG for healthy adults: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial"],"prefix":"10.1163","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2366-8236","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"G.","family":"Saiz-Gonzalo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AnaBio Technologies, IDA Business Park, Carrigtwohill, Co. Cork, T45 RW24, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5250-8269","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A.W.","family":"Al-Humadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04V1W8, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0078-4757","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S.","family":"McSweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnaBio Technologies, IDA Business Park, Carrigtwohill, Co. Cork, T45 RW24, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5521-5445","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C.W.","family":"le\u00a0Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04V1W8, Ireland"},{"name":"Diabetes Research Centre, Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6791-0346","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S.B.","family":"Bleiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnaBio Technologies, IDA Business Park, Carrigtwohill, Co. Cork, T45 RW24, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"R000001","series-title":"Gut Microbes","article-title":"The curious case of Prevotella copri","volume":"15","author":"Abdelsalam, N.A.","unstructured":"Abdelsalam, N.A., Hegazy, S.M. and Aziz, R.K., 2023. The curious case of Prevotella copri. Gut Microbes 15(2): 2249152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2023.2249152"},{"issue":"2","key":"R000002","series-title":"Food Science and Nutrition","first-page":"694","article-title":"Exploring the serotonin\u2013probiotics\u2013gut health axis: current evidence and mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Akram, N.","unstructured":"Akram, N., Faisal, Z., Irfan, R., Khalid, W., Mubeen, B., Alharbi, M., Alshammari, N.K., Albekairi, T.H. and Imran, M., 2024. Exploring the serotonin\u2013probiotics\u2013gut health axis: current evidence and mechanisms. Food Science and Nutrition 12(2): 694-706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.3826"},{"issue":"10","key":"R000003","series-title":"Obesity Surgery","first-page":"3807","article-title":"Laxative properties of microencapsulated oleic acid delivered to the distal small intestine in constipation after bariatric surgery or GLP-1 analogues","volume":"34","author":"Al-Humadi, A.W.","unstructured":"Al-Humadi, A.W., Al-Najim, W., Bleiel, S. and le Roux, C.W., 2024. Laxative properties of microencapsulated oleic acid delivered to the distal small intestine in constipation after bariatric surgery or GLP-1 analogues. Obesity Surgery 34(10): 3807-3812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11695-024-07492-y"},{"issue":"17","key":"R000004","series-title":"Nutrients","article-title":"Effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 on happiness and mental well-being: RCT findings","volume":"16","author":"Al Kassaa, I.","unstructured":"Al Kassaa, I. and Fuad, M., 2024. Effects of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 on happiness and mental well-being: RCT findings. Nutrients 16(17): 2936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16172936"},{"key":"R000005","series-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - Health","article-title":"Beyond the neuro-immune interplay in depression: could gut microbes be the missing link?","volume":"16","author":"Audet, M.-C.","unstructured":"Audet, M.-C., 2021. Beyond the neuro-immune interplay in depression: could gut microbes be the missing link?. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - Health 16: 100308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100308"},{"key":"R000006","series-title":"Epidemiology and Health","first-page":"e2018043","article-title":"Prophylactic efficacy of probiotics on travelers\u2019 diarrhea: adaptive meta-analysis of RCTs","volume":"40","author":"Bae, J.M.","unstructured":"Bae, J.M., 2018. Prophylactic efficacy of probiotics on travelers\u2019 diarrhea: adaptive meta-analysis of RCTs. Epidemiology and Health 40: e2018043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4178\/epih.e2018043"},{"key":"R000007","series-title":"Scientific Reports","article-title":"Neurotransmitters and the gut microbiome with emotional distress in mixed-type IBS","volume":"12","author":"Barandouzi, Z.A.","unstructured":"Barandouzi, Z.A., Lee, J., del Carmen Rosas, M., Chen, J., Henderson, W.A., Starkweather, A.R. and Cong, X.S., 2022. Neurotransmitters and the gut microbiome with emotional distress in mixed-type IBS. Scientific Reports 12: 1648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-05756-0"},{"key":"R000008","series-title":"Microbiome","article-title":"Diet rapidly and differentially affects gut microbiota and host lipid mediators","volume":"11","author":"Bourdeau-Julien, I.","unstructured":"Bourdeau-Julien, I., Castonguay-Paradis, S., Rochefort, G., Perron, J., Lamarche, B., Flamand, N., Di Marzo, V., Raymond, F. and Veilleux, A., 2023. 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Diabetes 56(7): 1761-1772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db06-1491"},{"issue":"1","key":"R000010","series-title":"Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology","first-page":"59","article-title":"Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum supernatants upregulate serotonin transporter in IECs","volume":"24","author":"Cao, Y.N.","unstructured":"Cao, Y.N., Feng, L.J., Wang, B.M., Jiang, K., Li, S., Zhang, Z. and Liu, Y., 2018. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum supernatants upregulate serotonin transporter in IECs. Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology 24(1): 59-66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sjg.SJG_333_17"},{"issue":"Spec Issue 2","key":"R000011","series-title":"Journal of Medicine and Life","first-page":"49","article-title":"Serotonin and the bone assessment","volume":"7","author":"Carsote, M.","unstructured":"Carsote, M., Radoi, V., Geleriu, A., Ghemigian, A. and Poiana, C., 2014. Serotonin and the bone assessment. Journal of Medicine and Life 7(Spec Issue 2): 49-53."},{"key":"R000012","series-title":"Frontiers in Neurology","article-title":"Effects of probiotics on depressive\/anxiety variables: a meta-analysis of RCTs","volume":"11","author":"Chao, L.","unstructured":"Chao, L., Liu, C., Sutthawongwadee, S., Li, Y., Lv, W., Chen, W., Yu, L., Zhou, J., Guo, A., Li, Z. and Guo, S., 2020. Effects of probiotics on depressive\/anxiety variables: a meta-analysis of RCTs. Frontiers in Neurology 11: 421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00421"},{"key":"R000013","series-title":"BioMed Research International","article-title":"Soluble and insoluble fibre regulate colonic microbiota and barrier function in piglets","volume":"2019","author":"Chen, T.","unstructured":"Chen, T., Chen, D., Tian, G., Zheng, P., Mao, X., Yu, J., He, J., Huang, Z., Luo, Y., Luo, J., Yu, B. and Yan, H., 2019. Soluble and insoluble fibre regulate colonic microbiota and barrier function in piglets. BioMed Research International 2019: 7809171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/7809171"},{"issue":"10","key":"R000014","series-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience","first-page":"701","article-title":"Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour","volume":"13","author":"Cryan, J.F.","unstructured":"Cryan, J.F. and Dinan, T.G., 2012. Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 13(10): 701-712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3346"},{"issue":"4","key":"R000015","series-title":"Bagcilar Medical Bulletin","first-page":"335","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of lactulose and bisacodyl in chronic constipation","volume":"8","author":"Dabak, M.R.","unstructured":"Dabak, M.R. and G\u00fcler, K., 2023. Comparative evaluation of lactulose and bisacodyl in chronic constipation. 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Probiotic supplementation and intestinal permeability in overweight\/obesity: systematic review. Advances in Nutrition 15(1): 100162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advnut.2023.100162"},{"issue":"10","key":"R000018","series-title":"Biological Psychiatry","first-page":"720","article-title":"Psychobiotics: a novel class of psychotropic","volume":"74","author":"Dinan, T.G.","unstructured":"Dinan, T.G., Stanton, C. and Cryan, J.F., 2013. Psychobiotics: a novel class of psychotropic. Biological Psychiatry 74(10): 720-726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.05.001"},{"issue":"5","key":"R000019","series-title":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology","first-page":"718","article-title":"Fibre and functional GI disorders","volume":"108","author":"Eswaran, S.","unstructured":"Eswaran, S., Muir, J. and Chey, W.D., 2013. Fibre and functional GI disorders. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 108(5): 718-727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2013.63"},{"issue":"5","key":"R000020","series-title":"Trends in Neurosciences","first-page":"305","article-title":"Gut\u2013brain axis: how the microbiome influences anxiety and depression","volume":"36","author":"Foster, J.A.","unstructured":"Foster, J.A. and McVey Neufeld, K.A., 2013. Gut\u2013brain axis: how the microbiome influences anxiety and depression. Trends in Neurosciences 36(5): 305-312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2013.01.005"},{"key":"R000021","series-title":"Microbial Pathogenesis","first-page":"285","article-title":"Alterations of Methanobrevibacter smithii as a biomarker for IBD","volume":"117","author":"Ghavami, S.B.","unstructured":"Ghavami, S.B., Rostami, E., Sephay, A.A., Shahrokh, S., Balaii, H., Aghdaei, H.A. and Zali, M.R., 2018. Alterations of Methanobrevibacter smithii as a biomarker for IBD. Microbial Pathogenesis 117: 285-289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.01.029"},{"issue":"9","key":"R000022","series-title":"Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology","first-page":"565","article-title":"The gut microbiome as a modulator of healthy ageing","volume":"19","author":"Ghosh, T.S.","unstructured":"Ghosh, T.S., Shanahan, F. and O\u2019Toole, P.W., 2022. The gut microbiome as a modulator of healthy ageing. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology 19(9): 565-584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-022-00605-x"},{"issue":"3","key":"R000023","series-title":"Pharma Innovation Journal","first-page":"1324","article-title":"Snack bars as functional foods: a review","volume":"11","author":"Gill, A.","unstructured":"Gill, A., Meena, G.S. and Singh, A.K., 2022. Snack bars as functional foods: a review. 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Nutrients 15(11): 2488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15112488"},{"issue":"1","key":"R000036","series-title":"Neuro Endocrinology Letters","first-page":"117","article-title":"The gut\u2013brain barrier in major depression: Intestinal mucosal dysfunction with increased translocation of LPS (\u2018leaky gut\u2019)","volume":"29","author":"Maes, M.","unstructured":"Maes, M., Kubera, M. and Leunis, J.C., 2008. The gut\u2013brain barrier in major depression: Intestinal mucosal dysfunction with increased translocation of LPS (\u2018leaky gut\u2019). Neuro Endocrinology Letters 29(1): 117-124."},{"key":"R000037","series-title":"Microorganisms","article-title":"Enhancing probiotic viability through microencapsulated synbiotics","volume":"13","author":"Malos, I.G.","unstructured":"Malos, I.G., Pasarin, D., Ghizdareanu, A.-I. and Frunzareanu, B., 2025. Enhancing probiotic viability through microencapsulated synbiotics. 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Nature 489(7415): 231-241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature11551"},{"issue":"1","key":"R000040","series-title":"Gut Microbes","article-title":"Emerging issues in probiotic safety: 2023 perspectives","volume":"15","author":"Merenstein, D.","unstructured":"Merenstein, D., Pot, B., Leyer, G., Ouwehand, A.C., Preidis, G.A., Elkins, C.A., Hill, C., Lewis, Z.T., Shane, A.L., Zmora, N., Petrova, M.I., Collado, M.C., Morelli, L., Vandenplas, Y., Hutkins, R. and Sanders, M.E., 2023. Emerging issues in probiotic safety: 2023 perspectives. Gut Microbes 15(1): 2185034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2023.2185034"},{"key":"R000041","series-title":"Scientific Reports","article-title":"Live probiotic bacteria in a pathomimetic Leaky Gut Chip ameliorate epithelial barrier impairment and mucosal inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Min, S.","unstructured":"Min, S., Than, N., Shin, Y.C., Dang, Y., Rashed, R., Jahan, M., Kim, Y., Park, S.H. and Kim, H.J., 2022. 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