{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T03:47:54Z","timestamp":1791949674447,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Benef. Microbes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiome is increasingly recognised as a key determinant of airway health, yet the potential of probiotics to beneficially modulate these communities remains largely unexplored, despite the high burden of URT infections such as otitis media (OM). This randomised controlled trial investigated the migration of two model probiotic strains,\n                    <jats:italic>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    GG and\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium animalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                    BB-12, to different URT niches in 37 children with otitis media with effusion (OME) treated daily with oral oil drops for one month. URT samples from the adenoids, and nasopharynx were analysed with species-specific qRT-PCR and 16S amplicon sequencing.\n                    <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    GG-like bacteria were detected in 4\/19 of treated patients compared to 0\/18 in the control group. Probiotic treatment with oral oil droplets modestly increased the prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    GG-like bacteria in the nasopharynx and adenoids (from 0% to 16.67% and 15.79% respectively), and a slight positive association was observed with the abundance of\n                    <jats:italic>Dolosigranulum pigrum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (effect size\u00a0= 0.13). Interestingly, other factors, such as maternal antibiotic use after birth, were associated with a notable higher abundance of\n                    <jats:italic>Moraxella catarrhalis\/nonliquefaciens<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Maaslin effect size\u00a0= 5.10), and a lower abundance of\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae\/pseudopneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Maaslin effect size\u00a0= \u22122.27). In conclusion, this study suggests that oral probiotics might modulate the URT microbiome in ways relevant to OM, although the magnitude and direction of effects likely depend on the specific strains used.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under B300201731908.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/18762891-bja00130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:21:22Z","timestamp":1790047282000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Potential transfer of orally administered probiotics to the upper respiratory tract in children with otitis media with effusion"],"prefix":"10.1163","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6564-4961","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J.","family":"Van Malderen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMB), https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/99034University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0764-8515","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"I.","family":"De Boeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMB), https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/99034University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3696-6910","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.F.L.","family":"van den Broek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMB), https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/99034University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4370-3520","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.","family":"Hiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMB), https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/99034University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5183-7466","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"J.","family":"J\u00f6rissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMB), https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/99034University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6215-8872","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"I.","family":"Tuyaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMB), https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/99034University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7578-7145","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S.","family":"Bakelants","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMB), https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/99034University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0562-7489","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"I.","family":"Spacova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience Engineering, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (LAMB), https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/99034University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4088-4213","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"O.M.","family":"Vanderveken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/99034Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Translational Neurosciences, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/99034University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"U-MaMi Excellence Research Centre, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/99034University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6918-0674","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A.N.","family":"Boudewyns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/99034Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine 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Introduction of a qualified presumption of safety (QPS) approach for assessment of selected microorganisms referred to EFSA\u00a0\u2013 Opinion of the Scientific Committee. EFSA Journal 5: 587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2903\/J.EFSA.2007.587"},{"issue":"3","key":"R000002","series-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine","first-page":"298","article-title":"The impact of breastfeeding on nasopharyngeal microbial communities in infants","volume":"190","author":"Biesbroek, G.","unstructured":"Biesbroek, G., Bosch, A.A.T.M., Wang, X., Keijser, B.J.F., Veenhoven, R.H., Sanders, E.A.M. and Bogaert, D., 2014a. The impact of breastfeeding on nasopharyngeal microbial communities in infants. 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