{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T06:26:42Z","timestamp":1788935202045,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4-5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RGPIN-2022-04813"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2022-04813"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["173514"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["173514"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fondation Sant\u00e9 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multisens. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Approximately 30\u201360% of people suffer from olfactory dysfunction (OD) such as hyposmia or anosmia after being diagnosed with COVID-19; 15\u201320% of these cases last beyond resolution of the acute phase. Previous studies have shown that olfactory training can be beneficial for patients affected by OD caused by viral infections of the upper respiratory tract. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether a multisensory olfactory training involving simultaneously tasting and seeing congruent stimuli is more effective than the classical olfactory training. We recruited 68 participants with persistent OD for two months or more after COVID-19 infection; they were divided into three groups. One group received olfactory training which involved smelling four odorants (strawberry, cheese, coffee, lemon; classical olfactory training). The other group received the same olfactory stimuli but presented retronasally (i.e., as droplets on their tongue); while simultaneous and congruent gustatory (i.e., sweet, salty, bitter, sour) and visual (corresponding images) stimuli were presented (multisensory olfactory training). The third group received odorless propylene glycol in four bottles (control group). Training was carried out twice daily for 12 weeks. We assessed olfactory function and olfactory specific quality of life before and after the intervention. Both intervention groups showed a similar significant improvement of olfactory function, although there was no difference in the assessment of quality of life. Both multisensory and classical training can be beneficial for OD following a viral infection; however, only the classical olfactory training paradigm leads to an improvement that was significantly stronger than the control group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/22134808-bja10127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T13:26:34Z","timestamp":1722432394000},"page":"299-316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Can Multisensory Olfactory Training Improve Olfactory Dysfunction Caused by COVID-19?"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1801-246X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"G\u00f6zde","family":"Filiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/14847Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"B\u00e9rub\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Demers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6343-1639","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Frank","family":"Cloutier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/14847Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5169-9390","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Angela","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Pek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0133-6768","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u00c9milie","family":"Hudon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/14847Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josiane","family":"Bolduc-B\u00e9gin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Centre Hospitalier R\u00e9gional de Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, QC H2L 4M1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8863-3982","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Johannes","family":"Frasnelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/14847Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, Trois-Rivi\u00e8res, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada"},{"name":"Research Centre, Sacr\u00e9-Coeur Hospital Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H4J 1C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"R000001","series-title":"Neuroimage","first-page":"45","article-title":"Smell training improves olfactory function and alters brain structure","volume":"189","author":"Al Ain, S.","unstructured":"Al Ain, S., Poupon, D., Hetu, S., Mercier, N., Steffener, J. and Frasnelli, J. (2019). Smell training improves olfactory function and alters brain structure, Neuroimage 189, 45\u201354. DOI:10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.01.008."},{"key":"R000002","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1763","article-title":"Modified olfactory training in patients with postinfectious olfactory loss","volume":"125","author":"Altundag, A.","unstructured":"Altundag, A., Cayonu, M., Kayabasoglu, G., Salihoglu, M., Tekeli, H., Saglam, O. and Hummel, T. (2015). Modified olfactory training in patients with postinfectious olfactory loss, Laryngoscope 125, 1763\u20131766. DOI:10.1002\/lary.25245."},{"key":"R000003","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1433","article-title":"Modified olfactory training is an effective treatment method for COVID\u201319 induced parosmia","volume":"132","author":"Altundag, A.","unstructured":"Altundag, A., Yilmaz, E. and Kesimli, M.\u00a0C. (2022). Modified olfactory training is an effective treatment method for COVID\u201319 induced parosmia, Laryngoscope 132, 1433\u20131438. DOI:10.1002\/lary.30101."},{"key":"R000004","series-title":"J.\u00a0Psychiatr. Res.","first-page":"129","article-title":"Gustatory and olfactory sensitivity in patients with anorexia and bulimia in the course of treatment","volume":"43","author":"Aschenbrenner, K.","unstructured":"Aschenbrenner, K., Scholze, N., Joraschky, P. and Hummel, T. (2008). Gustatory and olfactory sensitivity in patients with anorexia and bulimia in the course of treatment, J.\u00a0Psychiatr. Res. 43, 129\u2013137. DOI:10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2008.03.003."},{"key":"R000005","series-title":"Conscious. Cogn.","first-page":"1016","article-title":"The multisensory perception of flavor","volume":"17","author":"Auvray, M.","unstructured":"Auvray, M. and Spence, C. (2008). The multisensory perception of flavor, Conscious. Cogn. 17, 1016\u20131031. DOI:10.1016\/j.concog.2007.06.005."},{"key":"R000006","series-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci.","article-title":"Structural and functional MRI differences in master sommeliers: a pilot study on expertise in the brain","volume":"10","author":"Banks, S.\u00a0J.","unstructured":"Banks, S.\u00a0J., Sreenivasan, K.\u00a0R., Weintraub, D.\u00a0M., Baldock, D., Noback, M., Pierce, M.\u00a0E., Frasnelli, J., James, J., Beall, E., Zhuang, X., Cordes, D. and Leger, G.\u00a0C. (2016). Structural and functional MRI differences in master sommeliers: a pilot study on expertise in the brain, Front. Hum. Neurosci. 10, 414. https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00414."},{"key":"R000007","series-title":"ORL J Otorhinolaryngol. Relat. Spec.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Olfactory training impacts olfactory dysfunction induced by COVID-19: a pilot study","volume":"85","author":"B\u00e9rub\u00e9, S.","unstructured":"B\u00e9rub\u00e9, S., Demers, C., Bussi\u00e8re, N., Cloutier, F., Pek, V., Chen, A., Bolduc-B\u00e9gin, J. and Frasnelli, J. (2023). Olfactory training impacts olfactory dysfunction induced by COVID-19: a pilot study, ORL J Otorhinolaryngol. Relat. Spec. 85, 1\u201310. DOI:10.1159\/000528188."},{"key":"R000008","series-title":"Acta Otolaryngol.","first-page":"167","article-title":"Clinical experience with patients with olfactory complaints, and their quality of life","volume":"127","author":"Br\u00e4merson, A.","unstructured":"Br\u00e4merson, A., Nordin, S. and Bende, M. (2007). Clinical experience with patients with olfactory complaints, and their quality of life, Acta Otolaryngol. 127, 167\u2013174. DOI:10.1080\/00016480600801357."},{"key":"R000009","series-title":"Chem. Senses","article-title":"Chemosensory dysfunctions induced by COVID-19 can persist up to 7 months: a study of over 700 healthcare workers","volume":"46","author":"Bussi\u00e8re, N.","unstructured":"Bussi\u00e8re, N., Mei, J., L\u00e9vesque-Boissonneault, C., Blais, M., Carazo, S., Gros-Louis, F., De Serres, G., Dupr\u00e9, N. and Frasnelli, J. (2021). Chemosensory dysfunctions induced by COVID-19 can persist up to 7 months: a study of over 700 healthcare workers, Chem. Senses 46, bjab038. DOI:10.1093\/chemse\/bjab038."},{"key":"R000010","series-title":"Chem. Senses","article-title":"Persisting chemosensory impairments in 366 healthcare workers following COVID-19: an 11-month follow-up","volume":"47","author":"Bussiere, N.","unstructured":"Bussiere, N., Mei, J., Levesque-Boissonneault, C., Blais, M., Carazo, S., Gros-Louis, F., Laforce, R., De Serres, G., Dupre, N. and Frasnelli, J. (2022). Persisting chemosensory impairments in 366 healthcare workers following COVID-19: an 11-month follow-up, Chem. Senses 47, bjac010. DOI:10.1093\/chemse\/bjac010."},{"key":"R000011","series-title":"J.\u00a0Alzheimers Dis.","first-page":"745","article-title":"The effect of olfactory training on olfaction, cognition, and brain function in patients with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"85","author":"Chen, B.","unstructured":"Chen, B., Espin, M., Haussmann, R., Matthes, C., Donix, M., Hummel, T. and Haehner, A. (2022). The effect of olfactory training on olfaction, cognition, and brain function in patients with mild cognitive impairment, J.\u00a0Alzheimers Dis. 85, 745\u2013754. DOI:10.3233\/JAD-215257."},{"key":"R000012","series-title":"Chem. Senses","first-page":"185","article-title":"Olfactory disorders and quality of life \u2014 an updated review","volume":"39","author":"Croy, I.","unstructured":"Croy, I., Nordin, S. and Hummel, T. (2014a). Olfactory disorders and quality of life \u2014 an updated review, Chem. Senses 39, 185\u2013194. DOI:10.1093\/chemse\/bjt072."},{"key":"R000013","series-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol.","first-page":"1087","article-title":"Retronasal testing of olfactory function: an investigation and comparison in seven countries","volume":"271","author":"Croy, I.","unstructured":"Croy, I., Hoffmann, H., Philpott, C., Rombaux, P., Welge-Luessen, A., Vodicka, J., Konstantinidis, I., Morera, E. and Hummel, T. (2014b). Retronasal testing of olfactory function: an investigation and comparison in seven countries, Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 271, 1087\u20131095. DOI:10.1007\/s00405-013-2684-9."},{"key":"R000014","series-title":"Curr. Biol.","first-page":"R18","article-title":"Gustation and olfaction: the importance of place and time","volume":"29","author":"Czarnecki, L.","unstructured":"Czarnecki, L. and Fontanini, A. (2019). Gustation and olfaction: the importance of place and time, Curr. Biol. 29, R18\u2013R20. DOI:10.1016\/j.cub.2018.11.038."},{"key":"R000015","series-title":"Nat. Neurosci.","first-page":"431","article-title":"The merging of the senses: integration of subthreshold taste and smell","volume":"3","author":"Dalton, P.","unstructured":"Dalton, P., Doolittle, N., Nagata, H. and Breslin, P.\u00a0A.\u00a0S. (2000). The merging of the senses: integration of subthreshold taste and smell, Nat. Neurosci. 3, 431\u2013432. DOI:10.1038\/74797."},{"key":"R000016","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"826","article-title":"Olfactory training is helpful in postinfectious olfactory loss: a randomized, controlled, multicenter study","volume":"124","author":"Damm, M.","unstructured":"Damm, M., Pikart, L.\u00a0K., Reimann, H., Burkert, S., Goktas, O., Haxel, B., Frey, S., Charalampakis, I., Beule, A., Renner, B., Hummel, T. and Huttenbrink, K.\u00a0B. (2014). Olfactory training is helpful in postinfectious olfactory loss: a randomized, controlled, multicenter study, Laryngoscope 124, 826\u2013831. DOI:10.1002\/lary.24340."},{"key":"R000017","series-title":"Neuroimage","first-page":"55","article-title":"Perfumers\u2019 expertise induces structural reorganization in olfactory brain regions","volume":"68","author":"Delon-Martin, C.","unstructured":"Delon-Martin, C., Plailly, J., Fonlupt, P., Veyrac, A. and Royet, J.-P. (2013). Perfumers\u2019 expertise induces structural reorganization in olfactory brain regions, Neuroimage 68, 55\u201362. DOI:10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.11.044."},{"key":"R000018","series-title":"Chem. Senses","first-page":"103","article-title":"Olfactory discrimination: when vision matters?","volume":"34","author":"Dematt\u00e8, M.\u00a0L.","unstructured":"Dematt\u00e8, M.\u00a0L., Sanabria, D. and Spence, C. (2009). Olfactory discrimination: when vision matters?, Chem. Senses 34, 103\u2013109. DOI:10.1093\/chemse\/bjn055."},{"key":"R000019","series-title":"J.\u00a0Med. Internet Res.","article-title":"Olfactory training and visual stimulation assisted by a web application for patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 infection: observational study","volume":"23","author":"Denis, F.","unstructured":"Denis, F., Septans, A.\u00a0L., Periers, L., Maillard, J.\u00a0M., Legoff, F., Gurden, H. and Moriniere, S. (2021). Olfactory training and visual stimulation assisted by a web application for patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 infection: observational study, J.\u00a0Med. Internet Res. 23, e29583. DOI:10.2196\/29583."},{"key":"R000020","series-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis.","first-page":"207","article-title":"COVID-19 symptoms by variant period in the North Carolina COVID-19 community research partnership, North Carolina, USA","volume":"29","author":"DeWitt, M.\u00a0E.","unstructured":"DeWitt, M.\u00a0E., Tjaden, A.\u00a0H., Herrington, D., Schieffelin, J., Gibbs, M., Weintraub, W.\u00a0S., Sanders, J.\u00a0W. and Edelstein, S.\u00a0L. (2023). COVID-19 symptoms by variant period in the North Carolina COVID-19 community research partnership, North Carolina, USA, Emerg. Infect. Dis. 29, 207\u2013211. DOI:10.3201\/eid2901.221111."},{"key":"R000021","series-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63855-7.00025-3","article-title":"Treatments for smell and taste disorders: a critical review","volume":"164","author":"Doty, R.\u00a0L.","unstructured":"Doty, R.\u00a0L. (2019). Treatments for smell and taste disorders: a critical review, Handb. Clin. Neurol. 164, 455\u2013479. DOI:10.1016\/B978-0-444-63855-7.00025-3."},{"key":"R000022","series-title":"Physiol. Behav.","first-page":"213","article-title":"Sex differences and reproductive hormone influences on human odor perception","volume":"97","author":"Doty, R.\u00a0L.","unstructured":"Doty, R.\u00a0L. and Cameron, E.\u00a0L. (2009). Sex differences and reproductive hormone influences on human odor perception, Physiol. Behav. 97, 213\u2013228. DOI:10.1016\/j.physbeh.2009.02.032."},{"key":"R000023","series-title":"Physiol. Behav.","first-page":"489","article-title":"Development of the university of Pennsylvania smell identification test: a standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function","volume":"32","author":"Doty, R.\u00a0L.","unstructured":"Doty, R.\u00a0L., Shaman, P. and Dann, M. (1984). Development of the university of Pennsylvania smell identification test: a standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function, Physiol. Behav. 32, 489\u2013502. DOI:10.1016\/0031-9384(84)90269-5."},{"key":"R000024","series-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp.","first-page":"2621","article-title":"Olfactory bulb volume and cortical thickness evolve during sommelier training","volume":"43","author":"Filiz, G.","unstructured":"Filiz, G., Poupon, D., Banks, S., Fernandez, P. and Frasnelli, J. (2022). Olfactory bulb volume and cortical thickness evolve during sommelier training, Hum. Brain Mapp. 43, 2621\u20132633. DOI:10.1002\/hbm.25809."},{"key":"R000025","series-title":"Ear Nose Throat J.","first-page":"198","article-title":"Active olfactory training for the treatment of smelling disorders","volume":"91","author":"Fleiner, F.","unstructured":"Fleiner, F., Lau, L. and G\u00f6ktas, \u00d6. (2012). Active olfactory training for the treatment of smelling disorders, Ear Nose Throat J. 91, 198\u2013203, 215. DOI:10.1177\/014556131209100508."},{"key":"R000026","series-title":"Appetite","first-page":"244","article-title":"Multisensory flavor perception: the relationship between congruency, pleasantness, and odor referral to the mouth","volume":"125","author":"Fondberg, R.","unstructured":"Fondberg, R., Lundstr\u00f6m, J.\u00a0N., Bl\u00f6chl, M., Olsson, M.\u00a0J. and Seubert, J. (2018). Multisensory flavor perception: the relationship between congruency, pleasantness, and odor referral to the mouth, Appetite 125, 244\u2013252. DOI:10.1016\/j.appet.2018.02.012."},{"key":"R000027","series-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol.","first-page":"231","article-title":"Olfactory dysfunction and daily life","volume":"262","author":"Frasnelli, J.","unstructured":"Frasnelli, J. and Hummel, T. (2005). Olfactory dysfunction and daily life, Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 262, 231\u2013235. DOI:10.1007\/s00405-004-0796-y."},{"key":"R000028","series-title":"Chem. Senses","first-page":"575","article-title":"Intranasal concentrations of orally administered flavors","volume":"30","author":"Frasnelli, J.","unstructured":"Frasnelli, J., van Ruth, S., Kriukova, I. and Hummel, T. (2005). Intranasal concentrations of orally administered flavors, Chem. Senses 30, 575\u2013582. DOI:10.1093\/chemse\/bji051."},{"key":"R000029","series-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol.","first-page":"1557","article-title":"Olfactory training for patients with olfactory loss after upper respiratory tract infections","volume":"271","author":"Gei\u00dfler, K.","unstructured":"Gei\u00dfler, K., Reimann, H., Gudziol, H., Bitter, T. and Guntinas-Lichius, O. (2014). Olfactory training for patients with olfactory loss after upper respiratory tract infections, Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 271, 1557\u20131562. DOI:10.1007\/s00405-013-2747-y."},{"key":"R000030","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1531","article-title":"Brain volume changes in hyposmic patients before and after olfactory training","volume":"128","author":"Gellrich, J.","unstructured":"Gellrich, J., Han, P., Manesse, C., Betz, A., Junghanns, A., Raue, C., Schriever, V.\u00a0A. and Hummel, T. (2018). Brain volume changes in hyposmic patients before and after olfactory training, Laryngoscope 128, 1531\u20131536. DOI:10.1002\/lary.27045."},{"key":"R000031","series-title":"Neuron","first-page":"375","article-title":"The nose smells what the eye sees: crossmodal visual facilitation of human olfactory perception","volume":"39","author":"Gottfried, J.\u00a0A.","unstructured":"Gottfried, J.\u00a0A. and Dolan, R.\u00a0J. (2003). The nose smells what the eye sees: crossmodal visual facilitation of human olfactory perception, Neuron 39, 375\u2013386. DOI:10.1016\/s0896-6273(03)00392-1."},{"key":"R000032","series-title":"Chem. Senses","first-page":"77","article-title":"Enhancement of retronasal odors by taste","volume":"37","author":"Green, B.\u00a0G.","unstructured":"Green, B.\u00a0G., Nachtigal, D., Hammond, S. and Lim, J. (2012). Enhancement of retronasal odors by taste, Chem. Senses 37, 77\u201386. DOI:10.1093\/chemse\/bjr068."},{"key":"R000033","series-title":"J.\u00a0Gerontol.","first-page":"M52","article-title":"Multisensory training of standing balance in older adults: I. Postural stability and one-leg stance balance","volume":"49","author":"Hu, M.","unstructured":"Hu, M. and Woollacott, M.\u00a0H. (1994). Multisensory training of standing balance in older adults: I. Postural stability and one-leg stance balance, J.\u00a0Gerontol. 49, M52\u2013M61. DOI:10.1093\/geronj\/49.2.m52."},{"key":"R000034","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"496","article-title":"Effects of olfactory training in patients with olfactory loss","volume":"119","author":"Hummel, T.","unstructured":"Hummel, T., Rissom, K., Reden, J., H\u00e4hner, A., Weidenbecher, M. and Huttenbrink, K.\u00a0B. (2009). Effects of olfactory training in patients with olfactory loss, Laryngoscope 119, 496\u2013499. DOI:10.1002\/lary.20101."},{"key":"R000035","series-title":"Rhinol. Suppl.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Position paper on olfactory dysfunction","volume":"54","author":"Hummel, T.","unstructured":"Hummel, T., Whitcroft, K.\u00a0L., Andrews, P., Altundag, A., Cinghi, C., Costanzo, R.\u00a0M., Damm, M., Frasnelli, J., Gudziol, H., Gupta, N., Haehne, A., Holbrook, E., Hong, S.\u00a0C., Hornung, D., H\u00fcttenbrink, K.\u00a0B., Kamel, R., Kobayashi, M., Konstantinidis, I., Landis, B.\u00a0N., Leopold, D.\u00a0A., Macchi, A., Miwa, T., Moesges, R., Mullol, J., Mueller, C.\u00a0A., Ottaviano, G., Passali, G.\u00a0C., Philpott, C., Pinto, J.\u00a0M., Ramakrishnan, V.\u00a0J., Rombaux, P., Roth, Y., Schlosser, R.\u00a0A., Shu, B., Soler, G., Stj\u00e4rne, P., Stuck, B.\u00a0A., Vodicka, J. and Welge-Luessen, A. (2017). Position paper on olfactory dysfunction, Rhinol. Suppl. 54, 1\u201330. DOI:10.4193\/Rhino16.248."},{"key":"R000036","series-title":"Rhinology","first-page":"330","article-title":"Olfactory training changes electrophysiological responses at the level of the olfactory epithelium","volume":"56","author":"Hummel, T.","unstructured":"Hummel, T., Stupka, G., Haehner, A. and Poletti, S.\u00a0C. (2018). Olfactory training changes electrophysiological responses at the level of the olfactory epithelium, Rhinology 56, 330\u2013335. DOI:10.4193\/Rhin17.163."},{"key":"R000037","series-title":"Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol.","first-page":"1065","article-title":"Treatment of post-viral olfactory dysfunction: an evidence-based review with recommendations","volume":"10","author":"Hura, N.","unstructured":"Hura, N., Xie, D.\u00a0X., Choby, G.\u00a0W., Schlosser, R.\u00a0J., Orlov, C.\u00a0P., Seal, S.\u00a0M. and Rowan, N.\u00a0R. (2020). Treatment of post-viral olfactory dysfunction: an evidence-based review with recommendations, Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol. 10, 1065\u20131086. DOI:10.1002\/alr.22624."},{"key":"R000038","series-title":"Am. J. Rhinol. Allergy","first-page":"495","article-title":"The efficacy of olfactory training as a treatment for olfactory disorders caused by coronavirus disease-2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Hwang, S.\u00a0H.","unstructured":"Hwang, S.\u00a0H., Kim, S.\u00a0W., Basurrah, M.\u00a0A. and Kim, D.\u00a0H. (2023). The efficacy of olfactory training as a treatment for olfactory disorders caused by coronavirus disease-2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Am. J. Rhinol. Allergy 37, 495\u2013501. DOI:10.1177\/19458924221150977."},{"key":"R000039","series-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci.","first-page":"11119","article-title":"Multisensory training improves auditory spatial processing following bilateral cochlear implantation","volume":"34","author":"Isaiah, A.","unstructured":"Isaiah, A., Vongpaisal, T., King, A.\u00a0J. and Hartley, D.\u00a0E.\u00a0H. (2014). Multisensory training improves auditory spatial processing following bilateral cochlear implantation, J.\u00a0Neurosci. 34, 11119\u201311130. DOI:10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4767-13.2014."},{"key":"R000040","series-title":"J.\u00a0Neurosci.","first-page":"3095","article-title":"Modulation of olfactory perception by visual cortex stimulation","volume":"32","author":"Jadauji, J.\u00a0B.","unstructured":"Jadauji, J.\u00a0B., Djordjevic, J., Lundstr\u00f6m, J.\u00a0N. and Pack, C.\u00a0C. (2012). Modulation of olfactory perception by visual cortex stimulation, J.\u00a0Neurosci. 32, 3095\u20133100. DOI:10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6022-11.2012."},{"key":"R000041","series-title":"PLoS ONE","article-title":"Olfactory recovery following infection with COVID-19: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Jafar, A.","unstructured":"Jafar, A., Lasso, A., Shorr, R., Hutton, B. and Kilty, S. (2021). Olfactory recovery following infection with COVID-19: a systematic review, PLoS ONE 16, e0259321. DOI:10.1371\/journal.pone.0259321."},{"key":"R000042","series-title":"Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg.","first-page":"19","article-title":"COVID-19 related olfactory dysfunction","volume":"30","author":"Karamali, K.","unstructured":"Karamali, K., Elliott, M. and Hopkins, C. (2022). COVID-19 related olfactory dysfunction, Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 30, 19\u201325. DOI:10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000783."},{"key":"R000043","series-title":"Brain Behav.","article-title":"Rapidly acquired multisensory association in the olfactory cortex","volume":"5","author":"Karunanayaka, P.\u00a0R.","unstructured":"Karunanayaka, P.\u00a0R., Wilson, D.\u00a0A., Vasavada, M., Wang, J., Martinez, B., Tobia, M.\u00a0J., Kong, L., Eslinger, P. and Yang, Q.\u00a0X. (2015). Rapidly acquired multisensory association in the olfactory cortex, Brain Behav. 5, e00390. DOI:10.1002\/brb3.390."},{"key":"R000044","series-title":"Restor. Neurol. Neurosci.","first-page":"355","article-title":"Computer-based multisensory learning in children with developmental dyslexia","volume":"25","author":"Kast, M.","unstructured":"Kast, M., Meyer, M., V\u00f6geli, C., Gross, M. and J\u00e4ncke, L. (2007). Computer-based multisensory learning in children with developmental dyslexia, Restor. Neurol. Neurosci. 25, 355\u2013369. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17943011."},{"key":"R000045","series-title":"Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg.","first-page":"244","article-title":"Olfactory training for postviral olfactory dysfunction: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"164","author":"Kattar, N.","unstructured":"Kattar, N., Do, T.\u00a0M., Unis, G.\u00a0D., Migneron, M.\u00a0R., Thomas, A.\u00a0J. and McCoul, E.\u00a0D. (2021). Olfactory training for postviral olfactory dysfunction: systematic review and meta-analysis, Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 164, 244\u2013254. DOI:10.1177\/0194599820943550."},{"key":"R000046","series-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg.","first-page":"141","article-title":"Efficacy of combined visual-olfactory training with patient-preferred scents as treatment for patients with COVID-19 resultant olfactory loss: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"149","author":"Khan, A.\u00a0M.","unstructured":"Khan, A.\u00a0M., Piccirillo, J., Kallogjeri, D. and Piccirillo, J.\u00a0F. (2022). Efficacy of combined visual-olfactory training with patient-preferred scents as treatment for patients with COVID-19 resultant olfactory loss: a randomized clinical trial, JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 149, 141\u2013149. DOI:10.1001\/jamaoto.2022.4112."},{"key":"R000047","series-title":"Chem. Senses","first-page":"479","article-title":"The association between olfaction and depression: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Kohli, P.","unstructured":"Kohli, P., Soler, Z.\u00a0M., Nguyen, S.\u00a0A., Muus, J.\u00a0S. and Schlosser, R.\u00a0J. (2016). The association between olfaction and depression: a systematic review, Chem. Senses 41, 479\u2013486. DOI:10.1093\/chemse\/bjw061."},{"key":"R000048","series-title":"Neuroimage Clin.","first-page":"401","article-title":"Olfactory training induces changes in regional functional connectivity in patients with long-term smell loss","volume":"9","author":"Kollndorfer, K.","unstructured":"Kollndorfer, K., Fischmeister, F.\u00a0P.\u00a0S., Kowalczyk, K., Hoche, E., Mueller, C.\u00a0A., Trattnig, S. and Sch\u00f6pf, V. (2015). Olfactory training induces changes in regional functional connectivity in patients with long-term smell loss, Neuroimage Clin. 9, 401\u2013410. DOI:10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.09.004."},{"key":"R000049","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"E85","article-title":"Use of olfactory training in post-traumatic and postinfectious olfactory dysfunction","volume":"123","author":"Konstantinidis, I.","unstructured":"Konstantinidis, I., Tsakiropoulou, E., Bekiaridou, P., Kazantzidou, C. and Constantinidis, J. (2013). Use of olfactory training in post-traumatic and postinfectious olfactory dysfunction, Laryngoscope 123, E85\u2013E90. DOI:10.1002\/lary.24390."},{"key":"R000050","series-title":"Rhinology","first-page":"170","article-title":"Long term effects of olfactory training in patients with post-infectious olfactory loss","volume":"54","author":"Konstantinidis, I.","unstructured":"Konstantinidis, I., Tsakiropoulou, E. and Constantinidis, J. (2016). Long term effects of olfactory training in patients with post-infectious olfactory loss, Rhinology 54, 170\u2013175. DOI:10.4193\/Rhino15.264."},{"key":"R000051","series-title":"Sci. Rep.","article-title":"Smelling directions: olfaction modulates ambiguous visual motion perception","volume":"4","author":"Kuang, S.","unstructured":"Kuang, S. and Zhang, T. (2014). Smelling directions: olfaction modulates ambiguous visual motion perception, Sci. Rep. 4, 5796. DOI:10.1038\/srep05796."},{"key":"R000052","series-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol.","first-page":"3113","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral corticosteroids and olfactory training in the management of COVID-19-related loss of smell","volume":"278","author":"Le Bon, S.-D.","unstructured":"Le Bon, S.-D., Konopnicki, D., Pisarski, N., Prunier, L., Lechien, J.\u00a0R. and Horoi, M. (2021). Efficacy and safety of oral corticosteroids and olfactory training in the management of COVID-19-related loss of smell, Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 278, 3113\u20133117. DOI:10.1007\/s00405-020-06520-8."},{"key":"R000053","series-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol.","first-page":"1255","article-title":"Effectiveness of olfactory training in COVID-19 patients with olfactory dysfunction: a prospective study","volume":"280","author":"Lechien, J.\u00a0R.","unstructured":"Lechien, J.\u00a0R., Vaira, L.\u00a0A. and Saussez, S. (2023). Effectiveness of olfactory training in COVID-19 patients with olfactory dysfunction: a prospective study, Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 280, 1255\u20131263. DOI:10.1007\/s00405-022-07665-4."},{"key":"R000054","series-title":"Chem. Senses","article-title":"Olfactory training: effects of multisensory integration, attention towards odors and physical activity","volume":"48","author":"Li, Z.","unstructured":"Li, Z., Anne, A. and Hummel, T. (2023). Olfactory training: effects of multisensory integration, attention towards odors and physical activity, Chem. Senses 48, bjad037. DOI:10.1093\/chemse\/bjad037."},{"key":"R000055","series-title":"Acta Otolaryngol.","first-page":"976","article-title":"Gender difference in Chinese adults with post-viral olfactory disorder:a hospital-based study","volume":"136","author":"Liu, J.","unstructured":"Liu, J., Pinto, J.\u00a0M., Yang, L., Li, L., Sun, J., Miao, X., Li, K., Chen, G. and Wei, Y. (2016). Gender difference in Chinese adults with post-viral olfactory disorder:a hospital-based study, Acta Otolaryngol. 136, 976\u2013981. DOI:10.3109\/00016489.2016.1172729."},{"key":"R000056","series-title":"Front. Psychol.","article-title":"Association between olfactory dysfunction and mood disturbances with objective and subjective cognitive deficits in long-COVID","volume":"14","author":"Llana, T.","unstructured":"Llana, T., Mendez, M., Garces-Arilla, S., Hidalgo, V., Mendez-Lopez, M. and Juan, M.-C. (2023). Association between olfactory dysfunction and mood disturbances with objective and subjective cognitive deficits in long-COVID, Front. Psychol. 14, 1076743. DOI:10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1076743."},{"key":"R000057","series-title":"Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol.","first-page":"1144","article-title":"A brief version of the questionnaire of olfactory disorders in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis","volume":"9","author":"Mattos, J.\u00a0L.","unstructured":"Mattos, J.\u00a0L., Edwards, C., Schlosser, R.\u00a0J., Hyer, M., Mace, J.\u00a0C., Smith, T.\u00a0L. and Soler, Z.\u00a0M. (2019). A brief version of the questionnaire of olfactory disorders in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol. 9, 1144\u20131150. DOI:10.1002\/alr.22392."},{"key":"R000058","series-title":"Ann. Neurol.","first-page":"360","article-title":"Gustatory and olfactory responses to stimulation of the human insula","volume":"82","author":"Mazzola, L.","unstructured":"Mazzola, L., Royet, J.-P., Catenoix, H., Montavont, A., Isnard, J. and Maugui\u00e8re, F. (2017). Gustatory and olfactory responses to stimulation of the human insula, Ann. Neurol. 82, 360\u2013370. DOI:10.1002\/ana.25010."},{"key":"R000059","series-title":"Brain Behav.","article-title":"Olfactory function and viral recovery in COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Mazzoli, M.","unstructured":"Mazzoli, M., Molinari, M.\u00a0A., Tondelli, M., Giovannini, G., Ricceri, R., Ciolli, L., Picchetto, L. and Meletti, S. (2021). Olfactory function and viral recovery in COVID-19, Brain Behav. 11, e02006. DOI:10.1002\/brb3.2006."},{"key":"R000060","series-title":"Front. Public Health.","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics of Omicron and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant infection in Santiago, Chile","volume":"10","author":"Mella-Torres, A.","unstructured":"Mella-Torres, A., Escobar, A., Barrera-Avalos, C., Vargas-Salas, S., Pirazzoli, M., Gonzalez, U., Valdes, D., Rojas, P., Luraschi, R., Vallejos-Vidal, E., Imarai, M., Sandino, A.\u00a0M., Reyes-L\u00f3pez, F.\u00a0E., Vera, R. and Acu\u00f1a-Castillo, C. (2022). Epidemiological characteristics of Omicron and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant infection in Santiago, Chile, Front. Public Health. 10, 984433. DOI:10.3389\/fpubh.2022.984433."},{"key":"R000061","series-title":"Brain Imaging Behav.","first-page":"367","article-title":"Olfactory bulb volume predicts therapeutic outcome in major depression disorder","volume":"10","author":"Negoias, S.","unstructured":"Negoias, S., Hummel, T., Symmank, A., Schellong, J., Joraschky, P. and Croy, I. (2016). Olfactory bulb volume predicts therapeutic outcome in major depression disorder, Brain Imaging Behav. 10, 367\u2013372. DOI:10.1007\/s11682-015-9400-x."},{"key":"R000062","series-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol.","first-page":"462","article-title":"Olfactory training for olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: a promising mitigation amidst looming neurocognitive sequelae of the pandemic","volume":"49","author":"Ojha, P.","unstructured":"Ojha, P. and Dixit, A. (2022). Olfactory training for olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19: a promising mitigation amidst looming neurocognitive sequelae of the pandemic, Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 49, 462\u2013473. DOI:10.1111\/1440-1681.13626."},{"key":"R000063","series-title":"Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg.","first-page":"43","article-title":"The evidence for olfactory training in treating patients with olfactory loss","volume":"25","author":"Patel, Z.\u00a0M.","unstructured":"Patel, Z.\u00a0M. (2017). The evidence for olfactory training in treating patients with olfactory loss, Curr. Opin. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 25, 43\u201346. DOI:10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000328."},{"key":"R000064","series-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev.","article-title":"Olfactory training \u2014 thirteen years of research reviewed","volume":"141","author":"Pieniak, M.","unstructured":"Pieniak, M., Oleszkiewicz, A., Avaro, V., Calegari, F. and Hummel, T. (2022). Olfactory training \u2014 thirteen years of research reviewed, Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 141, 104853. DOI:10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104853."},{"key":"R000065","series-title":"Am. J. Rhinol. Allergy.","first-page":"780","article-title":"Intensive olfactory training in post-COVID-19 patients: a multicenter randomized clinical trial","volume":"36","author":"Pires, \u00cd.\u00a0A.\u00a0T.","unstructured":"Pires, \u00cd.\u00a0A.\u00a0T., Steffens, S.\u00a0T., Mocelin, A.\u00a0G., Shibukawa, D.\u00a0E., Leahy, L., Saito, F.\u00a0L., Amadeu, N.\u00a0T., Lopes, N.\u00a0M.\u00a0D., Garcia, E.\u00a0C.\u00a0D., Albanese, M.\u00a0L., De Mari, L.\u00a0F., Ferreira, I.\u00a0M., Veiga, C.\u00a0A., Jebahi, Y., Coifman, H., Fornazieri, M.\u00a0A. and Hamerschmidt, R. (2022). Intensive olfactory training in post-COVID-19 patients: a multicenter randomized clinical trial, Am. J. Rhinol. Allergy. 36, 780\u2013787. DOI:10.1177\/19458924221113124."},{"key":"R000066","series-title":"Perception","first-page":"343","article-title":"Olfactory training using heavy and light weight molecule odors","volume":"46","author":"Poletti, S.\u00a0C.","unstructured":"Poletti, S.\u00a0C., Michel, E. and Hummel, T. (2017). Olfactory training using heavy and light weight molecule odors, Perception 46, 343\u2013351. DOI:10.1177\/0301006616672881."},{"key":"R000067","series-title":"Acta Otolaryngol.","first-page":"643","article-title":"Analysis of the clinical effect of olfactory training on olfactory dysfunction after upper respiratory tract infection","volume":"139","author":"Qiao, X.-F.","unstructured":"Qiao, X.-F., Wang, G.-P., Li, X., Bai, Y.-H. and Zheng, W. (2019). Analysis of the clinical effect of olfactory training on olfactory dysfunction after upper respiratory tract infection, Acta Otolaryngol. 139, 643\u2013646. DOI:10.1080\/00016489.2019.1614224."},{"key":"R000068","series-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol.","first-page":"1656","article-title":"Functional mapping of human brain in olfactory processing: a PET study","volume":"84","author":"Qureshy, A.","unstructured":"Qureshy, A., Kawashima, R., Imran, M.\u00a0B., Sugiura, M., Goto, R., Okada, K., Inoue, K., Itoh, M., Schormann, T., Zilles, K. and Fukuda, H. (2000). Functional mapping of human brain in olfactory processing: a PET study, J.\u00a0Neurophysiol. 84, 1656\u20131666. DOI:10.1152\/jn.2000.84.3.1656."},{"key":"R000069","series-title":"Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg.","first-page":"265","article-title":"Recovery of olfactory function following closed head injury or infections of the upper respiratory tract","volume":"132","author":"Reden, J.","unstructured":"Reden, J., Mueller, A., Mueller, C., Konstantinidis, I., Frasnelli, J., Landis, B.\u00a0N. and Hummel, T. (2006). Recovery of olfactory function following closed head injury or infections of the upper respiratory tract, Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 132, 265\u2013269. DOI:10.1001\/archotol.132.3.265."},{"key":"R000070","series-title":"Flavor: from Food to Behaviors, Wellbeing and Health","first-page":"143","article-title":"Flavor: brain processing","author":"Rolls, E.\u00a0T.","unstructured":"Rolls, E.\u00a0T. (2016). Flavor: brain processing, in: Flavor: from Food to Behaviors, Wellbeing and Health, P.\u00a0Eti\u00e9vant, E.\u00a0Guichard, C.\u00a0Salles and A.\u00a0Voilley (Eds), pp.\u00a0143\u2013160. Woodhead Publishing, Sawston, United Kingdom. DOI:10.1016\/B978-0-08-100295-7.00007-4."},{"key":"R000071","series-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63855-7.00007-1","article-title":"Taste and smell processing in the brain","volume":"164","author":"Rolls, E.\u00a0T.","unstructured":"Rolls, E.\u00a0T. (2019). Taste and smell processing in the brain, Handb. Clin. Neurol. 164, 97\u2013118. DOI:10.1016\/B978-0-444-63855-7.00007-1."},{"key":"R000072","series-title":"J.\u00a0Neurophysiol.","first-page":"1970","article-title":"Orbitofrontal cortex neurons: role in olfactory and visual association learning","volume":"75","author":"Rolls, E.\u00a0T.","unstructured":"Rolls, E.\u00a0T., Critchley, H.\u00a0D., Mason, R. and Wakeman, E.\u00a0A. (1996). Orbitofrontal cortex neurons: role in olfactory and visual association learning, J.\u00a0Neurophysiol. 75, 1970\u20131981. DOI:10.1152\/jn.1996.75.5.1970."},{"key":"R000073","series-title":"Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol.","first-page":"2125","article-title":"Olfactory training ball improves adherence and olfactory outcomes in post-infectious olfactory dysfunction","volume":"277","author":"Saatci, O.","unstructured":"Saatci, O., Altundag, A., Duz, O.\u00a0A. and Hummel, T. (2020). Olfactory training ball improves adherence and olfactory outcomes in post-infectious olfactory dysfunction, Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 277, 2125\u20132132. DOI:10.1007\/s00405-020-05939-3."},{"key":"R000074","series-title":"BMC Med.","article-title":"Prednisolone does not improve olfactory function after COVID-19: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Schepens, E.\u00a0J.\u00a0A.","unstructured":"Schepens, E.\u00a0J.\u00a0A., Blijleven, E.\u00a0E., Boek, W.\u00a0M., Boesveldt, S., Stokroos, R.\u00a0J., Stegeman, I. and Kamalski, D.\u00a0M.\u00a0A. (2022). Prednisolone does not improve olfactory function after COVID-19: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, BMC Med. 20, 445. DOI:10.1186\/s12916-022-02625-5."},{"key":"R000075","series-title":"Curr. Biol.","first-page":"1422","article-title":"Sound facilitates visual learning","volume":"16","author":"Seitz, A.\u00a0R.","unstructured":"Seitz, A.\u00a0R., Kim, R. and Shams, L. (2006). Sound facilitates visual learning, Curr. Biol. 16, 1422\u20131427. DOI:10.1016\/j.cub.2006.05.048."},{"key":"R000076","series-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp.","first-page":"62","article-title":"A salty-congruent odor enhances saltiness: functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"34","author":"Seo, H.-S.","unstructured":"Seo, H.-S., Iannilli, E., Hummel, C., Okazaki, Y., Buschh\u00fcter, D., Gerber, J., Krammer, G.\u00a0E., van Lengerich, B. and Hummel, T. (2013). A salty-congruent odor enhances saltiness: functional magnetic resonance imaging study, Hum. Brain Mapp. 34, 62\u201376. DOI:10.1002\/hbm.21414."},{"key":"R000077","series-title":"Neuroreport","first-page":"3913","article-title":"Flavor processing: more than the sum of its parts","volume":"8","author":"Small, D.\u00a0M.","unstructured":"Small, D.\u00a0M., Jones-Gotman, M., Zatorre, R.\u00a0J., Petrides, M. and Evans, A.\u00a0C. (1997). Flavor processing: more than the sum of its parts, Neuroreport 8, 3913\u20133917. DOI:10.1097\/00001756-199712220-00014."},{"key":"R000078","series-title":"Front. Psychol.","article-title":"Sex differences in human olfaction: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Sorokowski, P.","unstructured":"Sorokowski, P., Karwowski, M., Misiak, M., Marczak, M.\u00a0K., Dziekan, M., Hummel, T. and Sorokowska, A. (2019). Sex differences in human olfaction: a meta-analysis, Front. Psychol. 10, 242. DOI:10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00242."},{"key":"R000079","series-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev.","first-page":"155","article-title":"Does olfactory training improve brain function and cognition? A systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Vance, D.\u00a0E.","unstructured":"Vance, D.\u00a0E., Del Bene, V.\u00a0A., Kamath, V., Frank, J.\u00a0S., Billings, R., Cho, D.\u00a0Y., Byun, J.\u00a0Y., Jacob, A., Anderson, J.\u00a0N., Visscher, K., Triebel, K., Martin, K.\u00a0M., Li, W., Puga, F. and Fazeli, P.\u00a0L. (2023). Does olfactory training improve brain function and cognition? A systematic review, Neuropsychol. Rev. 34, 155\u2013191. DOI:10.1007\/s11065-022-09573-0."},{"key":"R000080","series-title":"PLoS Biol.","article-title":"Implicit multisensory associations influence voice recognition","volume":"4","author":"von Kriegstein, K.","unstructured":"von Kriegstein, K. and Giraud, A.-L. (2006). Implicit multisensory associations influence voice recognition, PLoS Biol. 4, e326. DOI:10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040326."},{"key":"R000081","series-title":"Science","first-page":"998","article-title":"Induction of olfactory receptor sensitivity in mice","volume":"260","author":"Wang, H.\u00a0W.","unstructured":"Wang, H.\u00a0W., Wysocki, C.\u00a0J. and Gold, G.\u00a0H. (1993). Induction of olfactory receptor sensitivity in mice, Science 260, 998\u20131000. DOI:10.1126\/science.8493539."},{"key":"R000082","series-title":"Physiol. Behav.","first-page":"800","article-title":"Olfactory influences on appetite and satiety in humans","volume":"87","author":"Yeomans, M.\u00a0R.","unstructured":"Yeomans, M.\u00a0R. (2006). Olfactory influences on appetite and satiety in humans, Physiol. Behav. 87, 800\u2013804. DOI:10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.01.029."},{"key":"R000083","series-title":"Brain Res.","first-page":"82","article-title":"Enhancement of odorant-induced mucosal activity patterns in rats trained on an odorant identification task","volume":"670","author":"Youngentob, S.\u00a0L.","unstructured":"Youngentob, S.\u00a0L. and Kent, P.\u00a0F. (1995). Enhancement of odorant-induced mucosal activity patterns in rats trained on an odorant identification task, Brain Res. 670, 82\u201388. DOI:10.1016\/0006-8993(94)01275-m."},{"key":"R000084","series-title":"Am. J. Psychol.","first-page":"547","article-title":"Influence of color on odor identification and liking ratings","volume":"104","author":"Zellner, D.\u00a0A.","unstructured":"Zellner, D.\u00a0A., Bartoli, A.\u00a0M. and Eckard, R. (1991). Influence of color on odor identification and liking ratings, Am. J. Psychol. 104, 547\u2013561."}],"container-title":["Multisensory Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/brill.com\/view\/journals\/msr\/37\/4-5\/article-p299_2.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/brill.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/msr\/37\/4-5\/article-p299_2.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/brill.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/msr\/37\/4-5\/article-p299_2.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T04:17:30Z","timestamp":1724905050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/brill.com\/view\/journals\/msr\/37\/4-5\/article-p299_2.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4-5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/22134808-bja10127","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-4794","2213-4808"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-4794","type":"print"},{"value":"2213-4808","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]}}}