{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T07:18:07Z","timestamp":1771485487430,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3-4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Amphib Reptilia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Animal mortality caused by vehicle collisions is one of the main ecological impacts of roads. Amphibians are the most affected group and road fatalities have a significant impact on population dynamics and viability. Several studies on Iberian amphibians have shown the importance of country roads on amphibian road mortality, but still, little is known about the situation in northern Portugal. By being more permeable to amphibian passage, country roads represent a greater source of mortality than highways, which act as barriers. Thus, mitigation measures should be applied, but due to the extensive road network, the identification of precise locations (hotspots) and variables related to animal-vehicle collision is needed to plan these measures successfully. The aim of the study was to analyse the spatial occurrence and related factors linked to amphibian mortality on a number of country roads in northern Portugal, using spatial statistics implemented in GIS and applying a binary logistical regression. We surveyed 631\u00a0km of road corresponding to seven transects, and observed 404 individual amphibians: 74 (18.3%) alive and 330 (81.7%) road-killed.\n                    <jats:italic>Bufo bufo<\/jats:italic>\n                    represented 80% of the mortality records. Three transects showed clustered distribution of road-kills, and broadleaved forests and road ditches were the most important factors associated with hotspots of road-kill. Logistic regression models showed that habitat quality,\n                    <jats:italic>Bufo bufo<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2019s habitat preferences, and road ditches are positively associated with amphibians\u2019 road mortality in northern Portugal, whereas average altitude and length of walls were negatively associated. This study is a useful tool to understand spatial occurrence of amphibian road-kills in the face of applying mitigation measures on country roads from northern Portugal. This study also considers the necessity of assessing the condition of amphibian local populations to understand their road-kills spatial patterns and the urgency to apply mitigation measures on country roads.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/15685381-00002850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,29]],"date-time":"2012-11-29T04:12:07Z","timestamp":1354162327000},"page":"469-483","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Spatial analysis of amphibian road mortality levels in northern Portugal country roads"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Matos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Geo-Espaciais (CICGE), Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Geoci\u00eancias, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio, Rua Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Neftal\u00ed","family":"Sillero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Geo-Espaciais (CICGE), Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Geoci\u00eancias, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio, Rua Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Arga\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Geo-Espaciais (CICGE), Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Geoci\u00eancias, Ambiente e Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio, Rua Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"bibr1","series-title":"Anf\u00edbios e R\u00e9pteis de Portugal. Guias FAPAS Fundo para Protec\u00e7\u00e3o da Vida Selvagem","author":"Almeida","year":"2001","unstructured":"AlmeidaN.F.\nAlmeidaP.F.\nGon\u00e7alvesH.\nSequeiraF.\nTeixeiraJ.\nAlmeidaF.F.\n (2001): \nAnf\u00edbios e R\u00e9pteis de Portugal. Guias FAPAS Fundo para Protec\u00e7\u00e3o da Vida Selvagem. \nPorto. 249\u00a0pp."},{"key":"bibr2","series-title":"Urban Herpetology. Herpetological Conservation","first-page":"121","article-title":"Ecological effects of roads on amphibians and reptiles: A literature review","volume":"3","author":"Andrews","year":"2008","unstructured":"AndrewsK.M.\nGibbonsJ.W.\nJochimsenD.M.\n (2008): \nEcological effects of roads on amphibians and reptiles: A literature review. In: \nUrban Herpetology. Herpetological Conservation, \n3: \n121-143. \n\nMitchellJ.C.\nJung BrownR.E.\nBartholomewR.E.\n, Eds."},{"key":"bibr3","author":"Ascens\u00e3o","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ascens\u00e3oF.\nMiraA.\n (2006): Spatial patterns of road-kills: a case study in southern Portugal. In: Irwin, C.L., Garrett, P., McDermott, K.P., (eds.), Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Ecology and Transportation. 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The impact of road traffic on vertebrate fauna","volume":"21","author":"Garriga","year":"2012","unstructured":"GarrigaN.\nSantosX.\nMontoriA.\nRichter-BoixA.\nFranchM.\nLlorenteG.A.\n (2012): \nAre protected areas truly protected? The impact of road traffic on vertebrate fauna. \nBiodiv. Conserv. \n21: \n2761-2774."},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr26","series-title":"Cons. Biol.","first-page":"552","article-title":"Trends in sex ratios of turtles in the united states: implications of road mortality","volume":"19","author":"Gibbs","year":"2005","unstructured":"GibbsJ.P.\nSteenD.A.\n (2005): \nTrends in sex ratios of turtles in the united states: implications of road mortality. \nCons. Biol. \n19(2): \n552-556."},{"key":"bibr27","series-title":"Herpet. Cons. Biol.","first-page":"77","article-title":"Vertebrate road mortality predominantly impacts amphibians","volume":"3","author":"Glista","year":"2007","unstructured":"GlistaD.J.\nDeVaultT.L.\nDewoodyJ.A.\n (2007): \nVertebrate road mortality predominantly impacts amphibians. \nHerpet. Cons. Biol. \n3: \n77-87."},{"key":"bibr28","series-title":"Ecol. Res.","first-page":"355","article-title":"Identification methods and deterministic factors of owl roadkill hotspot locations in Mediterranean landscapes","volume":"24","author":"Gomes","year":"2008","unstructured":"GomesL.\nGriloC.\nSilvaC.\nMiraA.\n (2008): \nIdentification methods and deterministic factors of owl roadkill hotspot locations in Mediterranean landscapes. \nEcol. Res. \n24: \n355-370."},{"key":"bibr29","series-title":"Ecolog\u00eda","first-page":"375","article-title":"Mortalidad de vertebrados por atropello en una Ccarretera Nacional del NO de Espa\u00f1a","volume":"7","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Prieto","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-PrietoS.\nVillarinoA.\nFre\u00e1nM.M.\n (1993): \nMortalidad de vertebrados por atropello en una Ccarretera Nacional del NO de Espa\u00f1a. \nEcolog\u00eda \n7: \n375-389."},{"key":"bibr30","series-title":"Eur. J. Wildl. Res.","first-page":"707","article-title":"Do well-connected landscapes promote road-related mortality?","volume":"57","author":"Grilo","year":"2011","unstructured":"GriloC.\nAscens\u00e3oF.\nSantos-ReisM.\nBissonetteJ.A.\n (2011): \nDo well-connected landscapes promote road-related mortality? \nEur. J. Wildl. Res. \n57: \n707-771."},{"key":"bibr31","series-title":"Eur. J. Wildl. Res.","first-page":"709","article-title":"Mortality of vertebrates on a road crossing the Biebrza Valley (NE Poland)","volume":"54","author":"Gryz","year":"2008","unstructured":"GryzJ.\nKrauzeD.\n (2008): \nMortality of vertebrates on a road crossing the Biebrza Valley (NE Poland). \nEur. J. Wildl. Res. \n54: \n709-714."},{"key":"bibr32","series-title":"ICOWET","first-page":"32","article-title":"Factors influencing the frequency of road-killed wildlife in Yellowstone National Park","volume":"9","author":"Gunther","year":"1998","unstructured":"GuntherK.A.\nBielM.J.\nRobisonH.L.\n (1998): \nFactors influencing the frequency of road-killed wildlife in Yellowstone National Park. \nICOWET \n9: \n32-42."},{"key":"bibr33","series-title":"North-West J. Zool.","first-page":"130","article-title":"Spatial and temporal distribution of amphibian road mortality with a Rana dalmatina and Bufo bufo predominance along the middle section of the T\u00e2rnava Mare basin, Romania","volume":"5","author":"Hartel","year":"2009","unstructured":"HartelT.\nMogaC.I.\n\u00d6llererK.\nPukyM.\n (2009): \nSpatial and temporal distribution of amphibian road mortality with a Rana dalmatina and Bufo bufo predominance along the middle section of the T\u00e2rnava Mare basin, Romania. \nNorth-West J. Zool. \n5: \n130-141."},{"key":"bibr34","series-title":"Cons. Biol.","first-page":"57","article-title":"Effects of forest roads on macroinvertebrate soil fauna of the southern Appalachian Mountains","volume":"14","author":"Haskell","year":"2000","unstructured":"HaskellD.G.\n (2000): \nEffects of forest roads on macroinvertebrate soil fauna of the southern Appalachian Mountains. \nCons. Biol. \n14: \n57-63."},{"key":"bibr35","series-title":"Biol. 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Cons. \n123(2): \n139-149."},{"key":"bibr37","series-title":"Amphibia-Reptilia","first-page":"561","article-title":"The movements and breeding site fidelity of the natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) in an urban park near Paris (France) with management recommendations","volume":"27","author":"Hust\u00e9","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hust\u00e9A.\nClobertJ.\nMiaudC.\n (2006): \nThe movements and breeding site fidelity of the natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) in an urban park near Paris (France) with management recommendations. \nAmphibia-Reptilia \n27: \n561-568."},{"key":"bibr38","year":"2009","unstructured":"INE, I.P. (2009): Estat\u00edsticas dos Transportes 2009\u00a0\u2013 Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica (I.N.E). Lisboa. 200\u00a0pp."},{"key":"bibr39","series-title":"Ecol. 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Ecol.","first-page":"701","article-title":"Can we mitigate animal-vehicle accidents using predictive models?","volume":"41","author":"Malo","year":"2004","unstructured":"MaloJ.E.\nSu\u00e1rezF.\nD\u00edezA.\n (2004): \nCan we mitigate animal-vehicle accidents using predictive models? \nJ.\u00a0Appl. Ecol. \n41: \n701-710."},{"key":"bibr50","series-title":"Cons. Biol.","first-page":"2004","article-title":"Forest roads as partial barriers to terrestrial salamander movement","volume":"19","author":"Marsh","year":"2005","unstructured":"MarshD.M.\nMilamG.S.\nGorhamN.P.\nBeckmanN.G.\n (2005): \nForest roads as partial barriers to terrestrial salamander movement. \nCons. Biol. \n19: \n2004-2008."},{"key":"bibr51","series-title":"Herpetologica","first-page":"45","article-title":"Amphibian road mortality in response to nightly variations in traffic intensity","volume":"60","author":"Mazerolle","year":"2004","unstructured":"MazerolleM.J.\n (2004): \nAmphibian road mortality in response to nightly variations in traffic intensity. \nHerpetologica \n60: \n45-53."},{"key":"bibr52","series-title":"Herpetologica","first-page":"380","article-title":"Behavior of amphibians on the road in response to car traffic","volume":"61","author":"Mazerolle","year":"2005","unstructured":"MazerolleM.J.\nHuotM.\nGraveM.\n (2005): \nBehavior of amphibians on the road in response to car traffic. \nHerpetologica \n61: \n380-388."},{"key":"bibr53","series-title":"Biol. Cons.","first-page":"101","article-title":"Modelling the spatial distribution of human-caused grizzly bear mortalities in the Central Rockies ecosystem of Canada","volume":"120","author":"Nielsen","year":"2004","unstructured":"NielsenS.\n (2004): \nModelling the spatial distribution of human-caused grizzly bear mortalities in the Central Rockies ecosystem of Canada. \nBiol. Cons. \n120: \n101-113."},{"key":"bibr54","series-title":"Amphibia-Reptilia","first-page":"25","article-title":"Spatial distribution and seasonal pattern in road mortality of the common toad Bufo bufo in an agricultural landscape of south-western Poland","volume":"28","author":"Or\u0142owski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Or\u0142owskiG.\n (2007): \nSpatial distribution and seasonal pattern in road mortality of the common toad Bufo bufo in an agricultural landscape of south-western Poland. \nAmphibia-Reptilia \n28: \n25-31."},{"key":"bibr55","series-title":"Pol. J. Ecol.","first-page":"659","article-title":"Species composition and habitat correlates of amphibian roadkills in different landscapes of south-western Poland","volume":"56","author":"Or\u0142owski","year":"2009","unstructured":"Or\u0142owskiG.\nCiesio\u0142kiewiczJ.\nKaczorM.\nRadwa\u0144skaJ.\n\u017bywickaA.\n (2009): \nSpecies composition and habitat correlates of amphibian roadkills in different landscapes of south-western Poland. \nPol. J. Ecol. \n56: \n659-671."},{"key":"bibr56","series-title":"Wildl. Biol. Prat.","first-page":"128","article-title":"Impact of two forest roads upon wildlife after a road pavement change in a coastal area in the center of Portugal","volume":"1","author":"Petronilho","year":"2005","unstructured":"PetronilhoJ.M.S.\nDiasC.M.M.\n (2005): \nImpact of two forest roads upon wildlife after a road pavement change in a coastal area in the center of Portugal. \nWildl. Biol. 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