{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:57:50Z","timestamp":1777939070201,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Amphib Reptilia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Using 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci and sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, we examine gene flow in more than 100 spur-thighed tortoises from Transcaucasia and compare our findings with previously published AFLP and mtDNA data. While mtDNA sequences correspond to three deeply divergent clades and AFLP data suggest two distinct groups, microsatellite data indicate weak differentiation and extensive gene flow. We conclude that each marker system reflects a distinct episode in the evolutionary history of the\n                    <jats:italic>Testudo graeca<\/jats:italic>\n                    complex, corresponding to phases of vicariance and extensive gene flow. We hypothesize that the reciprocally monophyletic and deeply divergent mtDNA lineages reflect old vicariance events, while the conflicting nuclear markers are the legacy of younger episodes of extensive gene flow. The differentiation pattern found in the AFLP markers, with AFLP groups matching allopatrically or parapatrically distributed mitochondrial lineages, is likely to be older than the microsatellite differentiation, which could correspond to Holocene range expansions into Caucasian valleys and lower altitudes. Owing to the largely mutually exclusive distribution ranges of the deeply divergent mtDNA lineages, their identification with distinct subspecies is a reasonable and straightforward classification that facilitates communication and acknowledges the conspecifity of the involved evolutionary units. Consequently, Transcaucasia constitutes an intergradation zone of\n                    <jats:italic>T. g. armeniaca<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>T. g. buxtoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>T. g. ibera<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/15685381-00002895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,15]],"date-time":"2015-09-15T13:40:33Z","timestamp":1442324433000},"page":"337-351","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Gene flow among deeply divergent mtDNA lineages of Testudo graeca (Linnaeus, 1758) in Transcaucasia"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Viola","family":"Mashkaryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Museum of Zoology (Museum f\u00fcr Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden, A.B. Meyer Building, 01109 Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"2Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alek Manoogian 1, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia"}]},{"given":"Melita","family":"Vamberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Museum of Zoology (Museum f\u00fcr Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden, A.B. Meyer Building, 01109 Dresden, Germany"}]},{"given":"Marine","family":"Arakelyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alek Manoogian 1, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia"}]},{"given":"Nasim","family":"Hezaveh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Alek Manoogian 1, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia"}]},{"given":"Miguel\u00a0A.","family":"Carretero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agr\u00e1rio de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Corti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Museo di Storia Naturale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia \u201cLa Specola\u201d, Via Romana, 17, 50125 Firenze, Italy"}]},{"given":"D.\u00a0James","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agr\u00e1rio de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Museum of Zoology (Museum f\u00fcr Tierkunde), Senckenberg Dresden, A.B. Meyer Building, 01109 Dresden, Germany"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"bibr1","series-title":"Proc. California Acad. Sci., 4th Ser.","first-page":"501","article-title":"Synopsis of the turtles, crocodiles, and amphisbaenians of Iran","volume":"41","author":"Anderson","year":"1979","unstructured":"AndersonS.C.\n (1979): \nSynopsis of the turtles, crocodiles, and amphisbaenians of Iran. \nProc. California Acad. Sci., 4th Ser. \n41: \n501-528."},{"key":"bibr2","series-title":"Mol. Ecol.","first-page":"729","article-title":"The incomplete natural history of mitochondria","volume":"13","author":"Ballard","year":"2004","unstructured":"BallardJ.W.O.\nWhitlockM.C.\n (2004): \nThe incomplete natural history of mitochondria. \nMol. Ecol. \n13: \n729-744."},{"key":"bibr3","series-title":"An Introduction to Molecular Ecology","author":"Beebee","year":"2008","unstructured":"BeebeeT.J.C.\nRoweG.\n (2008): \nAn Introduction to Molecular Ecology, Second\u00a0Edition. Oxford University Press, \nNew York."},{"key":"bibr4","series-title":"Animal Biol.","first-page":"259","article-title":"Morphological divergence among populations of Testudo graeca from west-central Morocco","volume":"55","author":"Carretero","year":"2005","unstructured":"CarreteroM.A.\nZnariM.\nHarrisD.J.\nMac\u00e9J.C.\n (2005): \nMorphological divergence among populations of Testudo graeca from west-central Morocco. \nAnimal Biol. \n55: \n259-279."},{"key":"bibr5","series-title":"Trudy Tbilissk. gosudarstven. Univ.","first-page":"59","article-title":"O sistematicheskom polozhenii sovremennoi sukhoputnoi cherepakhi iz doliny reki Araks","volume":"305","author":"Chkhikvadze","year":"1991","unstructured":"ChkhikvadzeV.M.\nBakradzeM.A.\n (1991): \nO sistematicheskom polozhenii sovremennoi sukhoputnoi cherepakhi iz doliny reki Araks. \nTrudy Tbilissk. gosudarstven. Univ. \n305: \n59-63."},{"key":"bibr6","series-title":"Trudy Inst. Zool., Akad. Nauk Gruzii","first-page":"276","article-title":"Novyi podvid sukhoputnoi cherepakhi iz Dagestana","volume":"21","author":"Chkhikvadze","year":"2002","unstructured":"ChkhikvadzeV.M.\nBakradzeM.A.\n (2002): \nNovyi podvid sukhoputnoi cherepakhi iz Dagestana. \nTrudy Inst. Zool., Akad. Nauk Gruzii \n21: \n276-279."},{"key":"bibr7","series-title":"Soobshch. Akad. Nauk Gruzinsk. SSR","first-page":"617","article-title":"O sistematicheskom polozhenii sovremennoi sukhoputnoi cherepakhi zapadnogo Zakavkazya","volume":"124","author":"Chkhikvadze","year":"1986","unstructured":"ChkhikvadzeV.M.\nTuniyevB.S.\n (1986): \nO sistematicheskom polozhenii sovremennoi sukhoputnoi cherepakhi zapadnogo Zakavkazya. \nSoobshch. Akad. Nauk Gruzinsk. SSR \n124: \n617-620."},{"key":"bibr8","author":"Chkhikvadze","year":"2011","unstructured":"ChkhikvadzeV.M.\nMazanaevaL.F.\nShammakovS.M.\n (2011): Kratkie svedeniya o novom vide sukhoputnoi cherepakh iz Dagestana. In: Proceedings of the International Conference \u201cBiological Diversity and Conservation Problems of the Fauna of the Caucasus\u201d, p.\u00a0336-340. Yerevan, National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Armenia, Division of Natural Sciences, Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology and American University of Armenia Foundation (Acopian Center for the Environment)."},{"key":"bibr9","series-title":"Evolution","first-page":"1908","article-title":"The hidden side of invasions: massive introgression by local genes","volume":"62","author":"Currat","year":"2008","unstructured":"CurratM.\nRuediM.\nPetitR.J.\nExcoffierL.\n (2008): \nThe hidden side of invasions: massive introgression by local genes. \nEvolution \n62: \n1908-1920."},{"key":"bibr10","series-title":"Herpetologica","first-page":"225","article-title":"Annual variation of activity and daily distances moved in adult spur-thighed tortoises, Testudo graeca, in southwestern Spain","volume":"51","author":"D\u00edaz-Paniagua","year":"1995","unstructured":"D\u00edaz-PaniaguaC.\nKellerC.\nAndreuA.C.\n (1995): \nAnnual variation of activity and daily distances moved in adult spur-thighed tortoises, Testudo graeca, in southwestern Spain. \nHerpetologica \n51: \n225-233."},{"key":"bibr11","series-title":"Mol. Ecol. Notes","first-page":"589","article-title":"PCR primers for microsatellite loci in the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii, Testudinidae)","volume":"3","author":"Edwards","year":"2003","unstructured":"EdwardsT.\nGoldbergC.S.\nKaplanM.E.\nSchwalbeC.R.\nSwannD.E.\n (2003): \nPCR primers for microsatellite loci in the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii, Testudinidae). \nMol. Ecol. Notes \n3: \n589-591."},{"key":"bibr12","series-title":"Mol. Ecol.","first-page":"2611","article-title":"Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software structure: a simulation study","volume":"14","author":"Evanno","year":"2005","unstructured":"EvannoG.\nRegnautS.\nGoudetJ.\n (2005): \nDetecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software structure: a simulation study. \nMol. Ecol. \n14: \n2611-2620."},{"key":"bibr13","series-title":"Evol. Bioinform. Online","first-page":"47","article-title":"arlequin (version 3.0): an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis","volume":"1","author":"Excoffier","year":"2005","unstructured":"ExcoffierL.\nLavalG.\nSchneiderS.\n (2005): \narlequin (version 3.0): an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. \nEvol. Bioinform. Online \n1: \n47-50."},{"key":"bibr14","series-title":"Mol. Ecol. Notes","first-page":"574","article-title":"Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: dominant markers and null alleles","volume":"7","author":"Falush","year":"2007","unstructured":"FalushD.\nStephensM.\nPritchardJ.K.\n (2007): \nInference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: dominant markers and null alleles. \nMol. Ecol. Notes \n7: \n574-578."},{"key":"bibr15","series-title":"Mol. Ecol. Notes","first-page":"228","article-title":"Identification and characterization of microsatellite markers in Hermann\u2019s tortoise (Testudo hermanni, Testudinidae)","volume":"5","author":"Forlani","year":"2005","unstructured":"ForlaniA.\nCrestanelloB.\nMantovaniS.\nLivoreilB.\nZaneL.\nBertorelleG.\nCongiuL.\n (2005): \nIdentification and characterization of microsatellite markers in Hermann\u2019s tortoise (Testudo hermanni, Testudinidae). \nMol. Ecol. Notes \n5: \n228-230."},{"key":"bibr16","series-title":"Zool. Scr.","first-page":"531","article-title":"A rangewide phylogeography of Hermann\u2019s tortoise, Testudo hermanni (Reptilia: Testudines: Testudinidae): implications for taxonomy","volume":"35","author":"Fritz","year":"2006","unstructured":"FritzU.\nAuerM.\nBertoleroA.\nCheylanM.\nFattizzoT.\nHundsd\u00f6rferA.K.\nMart\u00edn SampayoM.\nPretusJ.L.\n\u0160irok\u00fdP.\nWinkM.\n (2006): \nA rangewide phylogeography of Hermann\u2019s tortoise, Testudo hermanni (Reptilia: Testudines: Testudinidae): implications for taxonomy. \nZool. Scr. \n35: \n531-543."},{"key":"bibr17","series-title":"Amphibia-Reptilia","first-page":"97","article-title":"Phenotypic plasticity leads to incongruence between morphology-based taxonomy and genetic differentiation in western Palaearctic tortoises (Testudo graeca complex; Testudines, Testudinidae)","volume":"28","author":"Fritz","year":"2007","unstructured":"FritzU.\nHundsd\u00f6rferA.K.\n\u0160irok\u00fdP.\nAuerM.\nKamiH.\nLehmannJ.\nMazanaevaL.F.\nT\u00fcrkozanO.\nWinkM.\n (2007): \nPhenotypic plasticity leads to incongruence between morphology-based taxonomy and genetic differentiation in western Palaearctic tortoises (Testudo graeca complex; Testudines, Testudinidae). \nAmphibia-Reptilia \n28: \n97-121."},{"key":"bibr18","series-title":"Amphibia-Reptilia","first-page":"63","article-title":"Mitochondrial phylogeography of Testudo graeca in the Western Mediterranean: Old complex divergence in North Africa and recent arrival in Europe","volume":"30","author":"Fritz","year":"2009","unstructured":"FritzU.\nHarrisD.J.\nFahdS.\nRouagR.\nGraci\u00e1 Mart\u00ednezE.\nGim\u00e9nez CasaldueroA.\n\u0160irok\u00fdP.\nKalboussiM.\nJdeidiT.B.\nHundsd\u00f6rferA.K.\n (2009): \nMitochondrial phylogeography of Testudo graeca in the Western Mediterranean: Old complex divergence in North Africa and recent arrival in Europe. \nAmphibia-Reptilia \n30: \n63-80."},{"key":"bibr19","series-title":"Zool. Scr.","first-page":"220","article-title":"Northern genetic richness and southern purity, but just one species in the Chelonoidis chilensis complex","volume":"41","author":"Fritz","year":"2012","unstructured":"FritzU.\nAlcaldeL.\nVargas-Ram\u00edrezM.\nGoodeE.V.\nFabius-TuroblinD.U.\nPraschagP.\n (2012a): \nNorthern genetic richness and southern purity, but just one species in the Chelonoidis chilensis complex. \nZool. Scr. \n41: \n220-232."},{"key":"bibr20","series-title":"J.\u00a0Zool. Syst. Evol. Res.","first-page":"125","article-title":"Molecular phylogeny of Central and South American slider turtles: implications for biogeography and systematics (Testudines: Emydidae: Trachemys)","volume":"50","author":"Fritz","year":"2012","unstructured":"FritzU.\nStuckasH.\nVargas-Ram\u00edrezM.\nHundsd\u00f6rferA.K.\nMaranJ.\nP\u00e4ckertM.\n (2012b): \nMolecular phylogeny of Central and South American slider turtles: implications for biogeography and systematics (Testudines: Emydidae: Trachemys). \nJ.\u00a0Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. \n50: \n125-136."},{"key":"bibr21","series-title":"Mol. Ecol. Notes","first-page":"309","article-title":"convert: a user friendly program to reformat diploid genotypic data for commonly used population genetic software packages","volume":"4","author":"Glaubitz","year":"2004","unstructured":"GlaubitzJ.C.\n (2004): \nconvert: a user friendly program to reformat diploid genotypic data for commonly used population genetic software packages. \nMol. Ecol. Notes \n4: \n309-310."},{"key":"bibr22","series-title":"J. Hered.","first-page":"485","article-title":"fstat (version 1.2): a computer program to calculate F-statistics","volume":"86","author":"Goudet","year":"1995","unstructured":"GoudetJ.\n (1995): \nfstat (version 1.2): a computer program to calculate F-statistics. \nJ. Hered. \n86: \n485-486."},{"key":"bibr23","series-title":"J.\u00a0Biogeogr.","first-page":"323","article-title":"The uncertainty of Late Pleistocene range expansions in the western Mediterranean: a\u00a0case study of the colonization of south-eastern Spain by the spur-thighed tortoise, Testudo graeca","volume":"40","author":"Graci\u00e1","year":"2013","unstructured":"Graci\u00e1E.\nGim\u00e9nezA.\nAnad\u00f3nJ.D.\nHarrisD.J.\nFritzU.\nBotellaF.\n (2013): \nThe uncertainty of Late Pleistocene range expansions in the western Mediterranean: a\u00a0case study of the colonization of south-eastern Spain by the spur-thighed tortoise, Testudo graeca. \nJ.\u00a0Biogeogr. \n40: \n323-334."},{"key":"bibr24","author":"Guyot-Jackson","unstructured":"Guyot-JacksonG.\n, Ed. (2004): Num\u00e9ro sp\u00e9cial Testudo. Manouria 7(22): 1-52."},{"key":"bibr25","series-title":"Conserv. Genet.","first-page":"1795","article-title":"Defining population structure for the Mojave desert tortoise","volume":"11","author":"Hagerty","year":"2010","unstructured":"HagertyB.E.\nTracyC.R.\n (2010): \nDefining population structure for the Mojave desert tortoise. \nConserv. Genet. \n11: \n1795-1807."},{"key":"bibr26","series-title":"Nucl. Acids Symp. Ser.","first-page":"95","article-title":"bioedit: a user friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"Hall","year":"1999","unstructured":"HallT.A.\n (1999): \nbioedit: a user friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT. \nNucl. Acids Symp. Ser. \n41: \n95-98."},{"key":"bibr27","series-title":"Rev. Esp. Herpetol.","first-page":"5","article-title":"Genetic variation in Testudo graeca from Morocco estimated using 12S rRNA sequencing","volume":"17","author":"Harris","year":"2003","unstructured":"HarrisD.J.\nZnariM.\nMac\u00e9J.-C.\nCarreteroM.A.\n (2003): \nGenetic variation in Testudo graeca from Morocco estimated using 12S rRNA sequencing. \nRev. Esp. Herpetol. \n17: \n5-9."},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr28","series-title":"J.\u00a0Chelon. Herpetol.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tortoises of north Africa; taxonomy, nomenclature, phylogeny and evolution with notes on field studies in Tunisia","volume":"1","author":"Highfield","year":"1990","unstructured":"HighfieldA.C.\n (1990): \nTortoises of north Africa; taxonomy, nomenclature, phylogeny and evolution with notes on field studies in Tunisia. \nJ.\u00a0Chelon. Herpetol. \n1(2): \n1-56."},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr29","series-title":"J. Chelon. Herpetol.","first-page":"1","article-title":"A revision of the Testudines of North Africa, Asia and Europe. Genus: Testudo","volume":"1","author":"Highfield","year":"1989","unstructured":"HighfieldA.C.\nMartinJ.\n (1989a): \nA revision of the Testudines of North Africa, Asia and Europe. Genus: Testudo. \nJ. Chelon. Herpetol. \n1(1): \n1-12."},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr30","series-title":"J. Chelon. Herpetol.","first-page":"13","article-title":"Testudo whitei Bennett 1836. New light on an old carapace\u00a0\u2013 Gilbert White\u2019s Selborne tortoise re-discovered","volume":"1","author":"Highfield","year":"1989","unstructured":"HighfieldA.C.\nMartinJ.\n (1989b): \nTestudo whitei Bennett 1836. New light on an old carapace\u00a0\u2013 Gilbert White\u2019s Selborne tortoise re-discovered. \nJ. Chelon. Herpetol. \n1(1): \n13-22."},{"key":"bibr31","author":"Highfield","year":"1989","unstructured":"HighfieldA.C.\nMartinJ.\n (1989c): Description of a miniature tortoise Testudo flavominimaralis n. species from North Africa. London, The Tortoise Trust\/Tortoise Survival Project."},{"key":"bibr32","series-title":"Mol. Ecol. Res.","first-page":"1322","article-title":"Inferring weak population structure with the assistance of sample group information","volume":"9","author":"Hubisz","year":"2009","unstructured":"HubiszM.J.\nFalushD.\nStephensM.\nPritchardJ.K.\n (2009): \nInferring weak population structure with the assistance of sample group information. \nMol. Ecol. Res. \n9: \n1322-1332."},{"key":"bibr33","series-title":"J.\u00a0Zool. Syst. Evol. Res.","first-page":"192","article-title":"Molecular phylogeny of African hinge-back tortoises (Kinixys): implications for phylogeography and taxonomy (Testudines: Testudinidae)","volume":"50","author":"Kindler","year":"2012","unstructured":"KindlerC.\nBranchW.R.\nHofmeyrM.D.\nMaranJ.\n\u0160irok\u00fdP.\nVencesM.\nHarveyJ.\nHauswaldtJ.S.\nSchleicherA.\nStuckasH.\nFritzU.\n (2012): \nMolecular phylogeny of African hinge-back tortoises (Kinixys): implications for phylogeography and taxonomy (Testudines: Testudinidae). \nJ.\u00a0Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. \n50: \n192-201."},{"key":"bibr34","series-title":"Conserv. Genet.","first-page":"719","article-title":"Conservation of microsatellite DNA flanking sequence across 13 emydid genera assayed with novel bog turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) loci","volume":"5","author":"King","year":"2004","unstructured":"KingT.L.\nJulianS.E.\n (2004): \nConservation of microsatellite DNA flanking sequence across 13 emydid genera assayed with novel bog turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) loci. \nConserv. Genet. \n5: \n719-725."},{"key":"bibr35","series-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol.","first-page":"229","article-title":"Hybridization as an invasion of the genome","volume":"20","author":"Mallet","year":"2005","unstructured":"MalletJ.\n (2005): \nHybridization as an invasion of the genome. \nTrends Ecol. Evol. \n20: \n229-237."},{"key":"bibr36","series-title":"Systematics and the Origin of Species from the Viewpoint of a Zoologist","author":"Mayr","year":"1942","unstructured":"MayrE.\n (1942): \nSystematics and the Origin of Species from the Viewpoint of a Zoologist. Columbia University Press, \nNew York."},{"key":"bibr37","series-title":"Animal Species and Evolution","author":"Mayr","year":"1963","unstructured":"MayrE.\n (1963): \nAnimal Species and Evolution. Belknap Press, \nCambridge, Massachusetts."},{"key":"bibr38","series-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc.","first-page":"151","article-title":"AFLP analysis shows high incongruence between genetic differentiation and morphology-based taxonomy in a widely distributed tortoise","volume":"108","author":"Mikul\u00ed\u010dek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mikul\u00ed\u010dekP.\nJandzikD.\nFritzU.\nSchneiderC.\n\u0160irok\u00fdP.\n (2013): \nAFLP analysis shows high incongruence between genetic differentiation and morphology-based taxonomy in a widely distributed tortoise. \nBiol. J. Linn. Soc. \n108: \n151-160."},{"key":"bibr39","series-title":"Proc. California Acad. Sci., 4th Ser.","first-page":"955","article-title":"Genetic evidence for premature taxonomic inflation in Middle Eastern tortoises","volume":"57","author":"Parham","year":"2006","unstructured":"ParhamJ.F.\nT\u00fcrkozanO.\nStuartB.L.\nArakelyanM.\nShafeiS.\nMaceyJ.R.\nPapenfussT.J.\n (2006): \nGenetic evidence for premature taxonomic inflation in Middle Eastern tortoises. \nProc. California Acad. Sci., 4th Ser. \n57: \n955-964."},{"key":"bibr40","series-title":"Herpetokongressi I, Virallinen kongressijulkaisu","first-page":"14","article-title":"Etel\u00e4-Turkin maakilpikonnista. Morfologisia ja ekologisia eroja (Testudo ibera Pallas 1814 & Testudo ibera anamurensis Weissinger 1987) sek\u00e4 uuden maakilpikonnalajin kuvaus\u00a0+ 15 kuvaa","author":"Per\u00e4l\u00e4","year":"1996","unstructured":"Per\u00e4l\u00e4J.\n (1996): \nEtel\u00e4-Turkin maakilpikonnista. Morfologisia ja ekologisia eroja (Testudo ibera Pallas 1814 & Testudo ibera anamurensis Weissinger 1987) sek\u00e4 uuden maakilpikonnalajin kuvaus\u00a0+ 15 kuvaa. In: \nHerpetokongressi I, Virallinen kongressijulkaisu, p.\u00a0\n14-26. \n\nPer\u00e4l\u00e4J.\nVikbergJ.\nKanzaM.\n, Eds, Suomen herpetologinen yhdistys ry, \nHelsinki."},{"key":"bibr41","series-title":"Chelonii","first-page":"78","article-title":"Morphological variation among Middle Eastern Testudo graeca L., 1758 (sensu lato), with a focus on taxonomy","volume":"3","author":"Per\u00e4l\u00e4","year":"2002","unstructured":"Per\u00e4l\u00e4J.\n (2002): \nMorphological variation among Middle Eastern Testudo graeca L., 1758 (sensu lato), with a focus on taxonomy. \nChelonii \n3: \n78-108."},{"key":"bibr42","series-title":"Biol. J. Linn. Soc.","first-page":"591","article-title":"Effects of landscape features and demographic history on the genetic structure of Testudo marginata populations in the southern Peloponnese and Sardinia","volume":"105","author":"Perez","year":"2012","unstructured":"PerezM.\nLebloisR.\nLivoreilB.\nBourR.\nLambourdi\u00e8reJ.\nSamadiS.\nBoisselierM.-C.\n (2012): \nEffects of landscape features and demographic history on the genetic structure of Testudo marginata populations in the southern Peloponnese and Sardinia. \nBiol. J. Linn. 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Abh. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden","first-page":"329","article-title":"New data on morphology, distribution and nomenclature of Testudo graeca armeniaca Chkhikvadze & Bakradze, 1991","volume":"22","author":"Pieh","year":"2002","unstructured":"PiehA.\nFritzU.\nBerglasR.\n (2002): \nNew data on morphology, distribution and nomenclature of Testudo graeca armeniaca Chkhikvadze & Bakradze, 1991. \nFaun. Abh. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden \n22: \n329-345."},{"key":"bibr47","series-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol.","first-page":"1253","article-title":"jmodeltest: phylogenetic model averaging","volume":"25","author":"Posada","year":"2008","unstructured":"PosadaD.\n (2008): \njmodeltest: phylogenetic model averaging. \nMol. Biol. Evol. \n25: \n1253-1256."},{"key":"bibr48","series-title":"Vertebr. Zool.","first-page":"147","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA sequences suggest a revised taxonomy of Asian flapshell turtles (Lissemys Smith, 1931) and the validity of previously unrecognized taxa (Testudines: Trionychidae)","volume":"61","author":"Praschag","year":"2011","unstructured":"PraschagP.\nStuckasH.\nP\u00e4ckertM.\nMaranJ.\nFritzU.\n (2011): \nMitochondrial DNA sequences suggest a revised taxonomy of Asian flapshell turtles (Lissemys Smith, 1931) and the validity of previously unrecognized taxa (Testudines: Trionychidae). \nVertebr. 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Biol.","first-page":"539","article-title":"mrbayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space","volume":"61","author":"Ronquist","year":"2012","unstructured":"RonquistF.\nTeslenkoM.\nvan\u00a0der\u00a0MarkP.\nAyresD.L.\nDarlingA.\nH\u00f6hnaS.\nLargetB.\nLiuL.\nSuchardM.A.\nHuelsenbeckJ.P.\n (2012): \nmrbayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. \nSyst. Biol. \n61: \n539-542."},{"key":"bibr53","series-title":"Mol. Ecol. Notes","first-page":"137","article-title":"distruct: a program for the graphical display of population structure","volume":"4","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"RosenbergN.A.\n (2004): \ndistruct: a program for the graphical display of population structure. \nMol. Ecol. Notes \n4: \n137-138."},{"key":"bibr54","series-title":"Conserv. Genet.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Genetic assessment, illegal trafficking and management of the Mediterranean spur-thighed tortoise in Southern Spain and Northern Africa","volume":"12","author":"Salinas","year":"2011","unstructured":"SalinasM.\nAltetL.\nClavelC.\nAlmelaR.M.\nBay\u00f3nA.\nBurgueteI.\nS\u00e1nchezA.\n (2011): \nGenetic assessment, illegal trafficking and management of the Mediterranean spur-thighed tortoise in Southern Spain and Northern Africa. \nConserv. Genet. \n12: \n1-13."},{"key":"bibr55","series-title":"Conserv. Genet.","first-page":"917","article-title":"Population and conservation genetics of the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus)","volume":"6","author":"Schwartz","year":"2005","unstructured":"SchwartzT.S.\nKarlS.A.\n (2005): \nPopulation and conservation genetics of the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus). \nConserv. Genet. \n6: \n917-928."},{"key":"bibr56","series-title":"Mol. Ecol. Notes","first-page":"283","article-title":"Microsatellite loci for the North American tortoises (genus Gopherus) and their applicability to other turtle species","volume":"3","author":"Schwartz","year":"2003","unstructured":"SchwartzT.S.\nOsentoskiM.\nLambT.\nKarlS.A.\n (2003): \nMicrosatellite loci for the North American tortoises (genus Gopherus) and their applicability to other turtle species. \nMol. Ecol. Notes \n3: \n283-286."},{"key":"bibr57","series-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.","first-page":"164","article-title":"Phylogenetic hypotheses for the turtle family Geoemydidae","volume":"32","author":"Spinks","year":"2004","unstructured":"SpinksP.Q.\nShafferH.B.\nIversonJ.B.\nMcCordW.P.\n (2004): \nPhylogenetic hypotheses for the turtle family Geoemydidae. \nMol. Phylogenet. 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Res.","first-page":"335","article-title":"Identity of Pelodiscus sinensis revealed by DNA sequences of an approximately 180-year-old type specimen and a taxonomic reappraisal of Pelodiscus species (Testudines: Trionychidae)","volume":"49","author":"Stuckas","year":"2011","unstructured":"StuckasH.\nFritzU.\n (2011): \nIdentity of Pelodiscus sinensis revealed by DNA sequences of an approximately 180-year-old type specimen and a taxonomic reappraisal of Pelodiscus species (Testudines: Trionychidae). \nJ.\u00a0Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. \n49: \n335-339."},{"key":"bibr60","series-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol.","first-page":"2731","article-title":"mega5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods","volume":"28","author":"Tamura","year":"2011","unstructured":"TamuraK.\nPetersonD.\nPetersonN.\nStecherG.\nNeiM.\nKumarS.\n (2011): \nmega5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. \nMol. Biol. Evol. \n28: \n2731-2739."},{"key":"bibr61","series-title":"Amphibia-Reptilia","first-page":"9","article-title":"Is the imperilled spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca) native in Sardinia? Implications from population genetics and for conservation","volume":"32","author":"Vamberger","year":"2011","unstructured":"VambergerM.\nCortiC.\nStuckasH.\nFritzU.\n (2011): \nIs the imperilled spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca) native in Sardinia? Implications from population genetics and for conservation. \nAmphibia-Reptilia \n32: \n9-25."},{"key":"bibr62","series-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.","first-page":"174","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships among the species of the genus Testudo (Testudines: Testudinidae) inferred from mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene sequences","volume":"22","author":"van\u00a0der\u00a0Kuyl","year":"2002","unstructured":"van\u00a0der\u00a0KuylA.C.\nBallasinaD.L.P.\nDekkerJ.T.\nMaasH.\nWillemsenR.E.\nGoudsmitJ.\n (2002): \nPhylogenetic relationships among the species of the genus Testudo (Testudines: Testudinidae) inferred from mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene sequences. \nMol. Phylogenet. Evol. \n22: \n174-183."},{"key":"bibr63","series-title":"BMC Evol. Biol.","article-title":"Mitochondrial haplotype diversity in the tortoise species Testudo graeca from North Africa and the Middle East","volume":"5","author":"van\u00a0der\u00a0Kuyl","year":"2005","unstructured":"van\u00a0der\u00a0KuylA.C.\nBallasinaD.L.P.\nZorgdragerF.\n (2005): \nMitochondrial haplotype diversity in the tortoise species Testudo graeca from North Africa and the Middle East. \nBMC Evol. Biol. \n5: 29."},{"key":"bibr64","series-title":"Mol. Ecol. Notes","first-page":"535","article-title":"micro-checker: software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data","volume":"4","author":"van\u00a0Oosterhout","year":"2004","unstructured":"van\u00a0OosterhoutC.\nHutchinsonW.F.\nWillsD.P.M.\nShipleyP.\n (2004): \nmicro-checker: software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data. \nMol. Ecol. Notes \n4: \n535-538."},{"key":"bibr65","series-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. 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USA","first-page":"9264","article-title":"Bayesian species delimitation using multilocus sequence data","volume":"107","author":"Yang","year":"2010","unstructured":"YangZ.\nRannalaB.\n (2010): \nBayesian species delimitation using multilocus sequence data. \nProc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA \n107: \n9264-9269."},{"key":"bibr70","series-title":"Mol. Ecol.","first-page":"1884","article-title":"No evidence for nuclear introgression despite complete mtDNA replacement in the Carpathian newt (Lissotriton montandoni)","volume":"22","author":"Zieli\u0144ski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zieli\u0144skiP.\nNadachowska-BrzyskaK.\nWielstraB.\nSzkotakR.\nCovaciu-MarcovD.\nCog\u0103lniceanuD.\nBabikW.\n (2013): \nNo evidence for nuclear introgression despite complete mtDNA replacement in the Carpathian newt (Lissotriton montandoni). \nMol. 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