{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T09:59:38Z","timestamp":1761731978887,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Amphib Reptilia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We document the distribution of the common toad\n                    <jats:italic>Bufo bufo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the spined toad\n                    <jats:italic>B. spinosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    at their contact zone across France with data from a mitochondrial DNA RFLP assay, complementing similar work including nuclear markers in the northwest and southeast of France and in Italy. We also reconstruct geographical clines across the species\u2019 contact zone in central France.\n                    <jats:italic>Bufo bufo<\/jats:italic>\n                    is found in the north-eastern half of France.\n                    <jats:italic>Bufo spinosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is found in the south-western complement. The contact zone they form runs from the Atlantic coast near Caen, France, to the Mediterranean coast near Savona, Italy, and has a length of over 900 km. In central France\n                    <jats:italic>B. bufo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>B. spinosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    engage in a hybrid zone with a unimodal genetic signature. Hybrid zone width is ca. 10 km at mitochondrial DNA and averages at 61 km for four nuclear loci. The hybrid zone is distinctly asymmetric with a signature of\n                    <jats:italic>B. spinosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    in\n                    <jats:italic>B. bufo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and not the other way round. We attribute this observation to\n                    <jats:italic>B. bufo<\/jats:italic>\n                    moving southwards at the expense of\n                    <jats:italic>B. spinosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with introgression in the direction of the advancing species. We noted substantial geographic variation in characters for species identification. Morphological species identification performs well in France, but breaks down in Italy. Mitochondrial DNA is inconclusive in south-eastern France and Italy. The nuclear genetic markers perform consistently well but have not yet been applied to the zone in full. Possible, but surely heterogeneous ecological correlates for the position of the hybrid zone are mountains and rivers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/15685381-00003145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,8]],"date-time":"2018-01-08T13:09:06Z","timestamp":1515416946000},"page":"41-50","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A common toad hybrid zone that runs from\u00a0the\u00a0Atlantic\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0Mediterranean"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jan W.","family":"Arntzen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"McAtear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"But\u00f4t","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"I\u00f1igo","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands"},{"name":"2Evolution and Development Group, Department of Wetland Ecology, Do\u00f1ana Biological Station, CSIC, c\/ Americo Vespucio s\/n, 41092 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"3Present address: Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, c\/ Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"bibr1","series-title":"Evolution","first-page":"805","article-title":"Restricted gene flow in a moving hybrid zone of the newts Triturus cristatus and T. marmoratus in western France","volume":"45","author":"Arntzen","year":"1991","unstructured":"ArntzenJ.W.\nWallisG.P.\n (1991): \nRestricted gene flow in a moving hybrid zone of the newts Triturus cristatus and T. marmoratus in western France. \nEvolution \n45: \n805-826."},{"key":"bibr2","series-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.","first-page":"1203","article-title":"How complex is the Bufo bufo species group?","volume":"69","author":"Arntzen","year":"2013","unstructured":"ArntzenJ.W.\nRecueroE.\nCanestrelliD.\nMart\u00ednez-SolanoI.\n (2013a): \nHow complex is the Bufo bufo species group? \nMol. Phylogenet. Evol. \n69: \n1203-1208."},{"key":"bibr3","series-title":"Contr. Zool.","first-page":"147","article-title":"Morphological and genetic differentiation of Bufo toads: two cryptic species in western Europe (Anura, Bufonidae)","volume":"82","author":"Arntzen","year":"2013","unstructured":"ArntzenJ.W.\nMcAtearJ.\nRecueroE.\nZiermannJ.M.\nOhlerA.\nvan\u00a0AlphenJ.\nMart\u00ednez-SolanoI.\n (2013b): \nMorphological and genetic differentiation of Bufo toads: two cryptic species in western Europe (Anura, Bufonidae). \nContr. Zool. \n82: \n147-169."},{"key":"bibr4","series-title":"Herpetol. J.","first-page":"209","article-title":"A new vertebrate species native to the British Isles: Bufo spinosus Daudin, 1803 in Jersey","volume":"24","author":"Arntzen","year":"2014","unstructured":"ArntzenJ.W.\nWilkinsonJ.W.\nBut\u00f4tR.\nMart\u00ednez-SolanoI.\n (2014): \nA new vertebrate species native to the British Isles: Bufo spinosus Daudin, 1803 in Jersey. \nHerpetol. J. \n24: \n209-216."},{"key":"bibr5","series-title":"Front. Zool.","article-title":"Concordant morphological and molecular clines in a contact zone of the common and spined toad (Bufo bufo and B. spinosus) in the northwest of France","volume":"13","author":"Arntzen","year":"2016","unstructured":"ArntzenJ.W.\nTrujilloT.\nBut\u00f4tR.\nVrielingK.\nSchaapO.\nGuti\u00e9rrez-Rodr\u00edguezJ.\nMart\u00ednez-SolanoI.\n (2016): \nConcordant morphological and molecular clines in a contact zone of the common and spined toad (Bufo bufo and B. spinosus) in the northwest of France. \nFront. Zool. \n13: 52."},{"key":"bibr6","series-title":"Mol. Ecol.","first-page":"5663","article-title":"Hybrid zone formation and contrasting outcomes of secondary contact over transects in common toads","volume":"26","author":"Arntzen","year":"2017","unstructured":"ArntzenJ.W.\nde\u00a0VriesW.\nCanestrelliD.\nMart\u00ednez-SolanoI.\n (2017a): \nHybrid zone formation and contrasting outcomes of secondary contact over transects in common toads. \nMol. Ecol. \n26: \n5663-5675."},{"key":"bibr7","series-title":"Biodiv. Conserv.","first-page":"1411","article-title":"Amphibian decline, pond loss and reduced population connectivity under agricultural intensification over a 38 year period","volume":"26","author":"Arntzen","year":"2017","unstructured":"ArntzenJ.W.\nAbrahamsC.\nMeilinkW.R.M.\nIosifR.\nZuiderwijkA.\n (2017b): \nAmphibian decline, pond loss and reduced population connectivity under agricultural intensification over a 38 year period. \nBiodiv. Conserv. \n26: \n1411-1430."},{"key":"bibr8","series-title":"Biol. Conserv.","first-page":"297","article-title":"No evidence of general decline in an amphibian community of southern France","volume":"119","author":"Crochet","year":"2004","unstructured":"CrochetP.A.\nChalineO.\nCheylanM.\nGuillaumeC.P.\n (2004): \nNo evidence of general decline in an amphibian community of southern France. \nBiol. Conserv. \n119: \n297-304."},{"key":"bibr9","series-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour.","first-page":"652","article-title":"HZAR: hybrid zone analysis using an R software package","volume":"14","author":"Derryberry","year":"2014","unstructured":"DerryberryE.P.\nDerryberryG.E.\nMaleyJ.M.\nBrumfieldR.T.\n (2014): \nHZAR: hybrid zone analysis using an R software package. \nMol. Ecol. Resour. \n14: \n652-663."},{"key":"bibr10","series-title":"Mol. Ecol.","first-page":"5324","article-title":"Is dispersal guided by the environment? A\u00a0comparison of interspecific gene flow estimates among differentiated regions of a newt hybrid zone","volume":"21","author":"Espregueira Themudo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Espregueira ThemudoG.\nNiemanA.M.\nArntzenJ.W.\n (2012): \nIs dispersal guided by the environment? A\u00a0comparison of interspecific gene flow estimates among differentiated regions of a newt hybrid zone. \nMol. Ecol. \n21: \n5324-5335."},{"key":"bibr11","series-title":"Relict Species: Phylogeography and Conservation Biology","first-page":"189","article-title":"Review: refugial areas and postglacial colonizations in the western Palearctic","author":"Habel","year":"2010","unstructured":"HabelJ.C.\nDreesC.\nSchmittT.\nAssmannT.\n (2010): \nReview: refugial areas and postglacial colonizations in the western Palearctic. In: \nRelict Species: Phylogeography and Conservation Biology, p.\u00a0\n189-198. \n\nHabelJ.C.\nAssmannT.\n, Eds, Springer, Heidelberg."},{"key":"bibr12","series-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol.","first-page":"158","article-title":"Hybrid zones: natural laboratories for evolutionary studies","volume":"3","author":"Hewitt","year":"1988","unstructured":"HewittG.M.\n (1988): \nHybrid zones: natural laboratories for evolutionary studies. \nTrends Ecol. Evol. \n3: \n158-167."},{"key":"bibr13","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"907","article-title":"The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages","volume":"405","author":"Hewitt","year":"2000","unstructured":"HewittG.M.\n (2000): \nThe genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages. \nNature \n405: \n907-913."},{"key":"bibr14","series-title":"Sci. Rep.","article-title":"Hybridization patterns in two contact zones of grass snakes reveal a new central European snake species","volume":"7","author":"Kindler","year":"2017","unstructured":"KindlerC.\nCh\u00e8vreM.\nUrsenbacherS.\nB\u00f6hmeW.\nHilleA.\nJablonskiD.\nVambergerM.\nFritzU.\n (2017): \nHybridization patterns in two contact zones of grass snakes reveal a new central European snake species. \nSci. Rep. \n7: 7378."},{"key":"bibr15","series-title":"PLoS ONE","article-title":"Volunteer conservation action data reveals large-scale and long-term negative population trends of a widespread amphibian, the common toad (Bufo bufo)","volume":"11","author":"Petrovan","year":"2016","unstructured":"PetrovanS.O.\nSchmidtB.R.\n (2016): \nVolunteer conservation action data reveals large-scale and long-term negative population trends of a widespread amphibian, the common toad (Bufo bufo). \nPLoS ONE \n11: e0161943."},{"key":"bibr16","series-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.","first-page":"71","article-title":"Multilocus species tree analyses resolve the radiation of the widespread Bufo bufo species group (Anura, Bufonidae)","volume":"62","author":"Recuero","year":"2012","unstructured":"RecueroE.\nCanestrelliD.\nV\u00f6r\u00f6sJ.\nSzab\u00f3K.\nPoyarkovN.A.\nArntzenJ.W.\nCrnobrnja-IsailovicJ.\nKidovA.A.\nCog\u0103lniceanuD.\nCaputoF.P.\nNascettiG.\nMart\u00ednez-SolanoI.\n (2012): \nMultilocus species tree analyses resolve the radiation of the widespread Bufo bufo species group (Anura, Bufonidae). \nMol. Phylogenet. Evol. \n62: \n71-86."},{"key":"bibr17","series-title":"Front. Zool.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Extra-Mediterranean refugia: the rule and not the exception?","volume":"9","author":"Schmitt","year":"2012","unstructured":"SchmittT.\nVargaZ.\n (2012): \nExtra-Mediterranean refugia: the rule and not the exception? \nFront. Zool. \n9: \n1-12."},{"key":"bibr18","series-title":"Amph. Rept.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Updated distribution and biogeography of amphibians and reptiles of Europe","volume":"35","author":"Sillero","year":"2014","unstructured":"SilleroN.\nCamposJ.\nBonardiA.\nCortiC.\nCreemersR.\nCrochetP.A.\nIsailovi\u0107J.C.\nDeno\u00eblM.\nFicetolaG.F.\nGon\u00e7alvesJ.\nKuzminS.\n (2014): \nUpdated distribution and biogeography of amphibians and reptiles of Europe. \nAmph. Rept. \n35: \n1-31."},{"key":"bibr19","series-title":"Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Froschlurche II","first-page":"191","article-title":"Bufo bufo Superspezies \u2013 Erdkr\u00f6ten-Artenkreis \u2013 taxon bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) \u2013 Erdkr\u00f6te \u2013 taxon gredosicola L. M\u00fcller und Hellmich, 1935 \u2013 Gredoserdkr\u00f6te \u2013 taxon spinosus Daudin, 1803 \u2013 Riesenerdkr\u00f6te \u2013 taxon verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1811) \u2013 Kolchische Erdkr\u00f6te","author":"Sinsch","year":"2009","unstructured":"SinschU.\nSchneiderH.\nTarkhnishviliD.N.\n (2009): \nBufo bufo Superspezies \u2013 Erdkr\u00f6ten-Artenkreis \u2013 taxon bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) \u2013 Erdkr\u00f6te \u2013 taxon gredosicola L. M\u00fcller und Hellmich, 1935 \u2013 Gredoserdkr\u00f6te \u2013 taxon spinosus Daudin, 1803 \u2013 Riesenerdkr\u00f6te \u2013 taxon verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1811) \u2013 Kolchische Erdkr\u00f6te. In: \nHandbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas. Froschlurche II, p.\u00a0\n191-335. \n\nGrossenbacherK.\n, Ed., Aula Verlag, Wiebelsheim, Germany."},{"key":"bibr20","series-title":"Mol. Ecol.","first-page":"453","article-title":"Comparative phylogeography and postglacial colonization routes in Europe","volume":"7","author":"Taberlet","year":"1998","unstructured":"TaberletP.\nFumagalliL.\nWust-SaucyA.-G.\nCossonJ.-F.\n (1998): \nComparative phylogeography and postglacial colonization routes in Europe. \nMol. Ecol. \n7: \n453-464."},{"key":"bibr21","series-title":"Contr. Zool.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Morphological and molecular data to describe a hybrid population of the common toad (Bufo bufo) and the spined toad (Bufo spinosus) in western France","volume":"86","author":"Trujillo","year":"2017","unstructured":"TrujilloT.\nGuti\u00e9rrez-Rodr\u00edguezJ.\nArntzenJ.W.\nMart\u00ednez-SolanoI.\n (2017): \nMorphological and molecular data to describe a hybrid population of the common toad (Bufo bufo) and the spined toad (Bufo spinosus) in western France. \nContr. Zool. \n86: \n1-9."},{"key":"bibr22","series-title":"Amph. Rept.","first-page":"376","article-title":"The distribution of the crested and marbled newt species (Amphibia: Salamandridae: Triturus) \u2013 an addition to the new atlas of amphibians and reptiles of Europe","volume":"35","author":"Wielstra","year":"2014","unstructured":"WielstraB.\nSilleroN.\nV\u00f6r\u00f6sJ.\nArntzenJ.W.\n (2014): \nThe distribution of the crested and marbled newt species (Amphibia: Salamandridae: Triturus) \u2013 an addition to the new atlas of amphibians and reptiles of Europe. \nAmph. Rept. \n35: \n376-381."},{"key":"bibr23","series-title":"Herpetol. J.","first-page":"192","article-title":"Conservation genetics of an island toad: Bufo bufo in Jersey","volume":"17","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2007","unstructured":"WilkinsonJ.W.\nBeebeeT.J.\nGriffithsR.A.\n (2007): \nConservation genetics of an island toad: Bufo bufo in Jersey. \nHerpetol. J. \n17: \n192-198."}],"container-title":["Amphibia-Reptilia"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/brill.com\/view\/journals\/amre\/39\/1\/article-p41_5.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/brill.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amre\/39\/1\/article-p41_5.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/brill.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/amre\/39\/1\/article-p41_5.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:12:20Z","timestamp":1761707540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/brill.com\/view\/journals\/amre\/39\/1\/article-p41_5.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/15685381-00003145","relation":{},"ISSN":["0173-5373","1568-5381"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0173-5373"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1568-5381"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}}}