{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T03:40:36Z","timestamp":1747194036910,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Amphib.-Reptilia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>With five currently recognized species that form several secondary contact zones, slow worms (Anguidae: <jats:italic>Anguis<\/jats:italic>) offer a valuable model to study the fate of evolutionary lineages in the face of hybridization and genetic introgression. The relationships between the Western Slow Worm <jats:italic>Anguis fragilis<\/jats:italic> and the Italian Slow Worm <jats:italic>Anguis veronensis<\/jats:italic> are particularly puzzling. Their respective distributions remain poorly known on the edges of their parapatric ranges, as both species lack external differentiation. Contra earlier mitochondrial phylogenies, new phylogenomic inferences have shown that <jats:italic>A. fragilis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A. veronensis<\/jats:italic> are sister taxa, thus casting doubts on their specific status. In this study, we analyze the <jats:italic>A. fragilis<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>veronensis<\/jats:italic> transition in southeastern France, based on one mitochondrial (<jats:italic>ND2<\/jats:italic>) and two nuclear (<jats:italic>PRLR<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HA1<\/jats:italic>) genetic markers in 81 specimens from 61 localities. The ranges of <jats:italic>A. fragilis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A. veronensis<\/jats:italic> roughly extends northwest and southeast of the Rh\u00f4ne-Durance valleys, respectively, with clear signs of introgressive hybridization in the areas of contact (notably the eastern parts of the lower Rh\u00f4ne valley). Based on the three molecular markers analyzed, gene flow does not seem to reach outside the narrow hybrid zone, which likely indicates (incomplete) intrinsic reproductive isolation. Hence, we provisionally suggest maintaining <jats:italic>A. veronensis<\/jats:italic> as a separate species from <jats:italic>A. fragilis<\/jats:italic>. More generally, patterns of genetic divergence, external differentiation, and hybridization (both historical and contemporary) in <jats:italic>Anguis<\/jats:italic> ssp. supports a speciation continuum spanning from cryptic, genetically compatible alloparapatric lineages to phenotypically distinct, deeply diverged and fully reproductively isolated taxa able to coexist in sympatry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/15685381-bja10123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,17]],"date-time":"2023-03-17T03:47:10Z","timestamp":1679024830000},"page":"107-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring the speciation continuum of slow worms: location and extent of the Anguis fragilis\/veronensis hybrid zone in southeastern France"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8497-8908","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christophe","family":"Dufresnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Amphibian Systematic & Evolutionary Research, College of Biology & the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People\u2019s Republic of China"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Sourrouille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFE, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, 34293 Montpellier, France"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Olivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, 13200 Arles, France"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"Ballouard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCC \u2013 Centre for Research and Conservation of Chelonians, SOPTOM, Var, 1065 routes du Luc, 83660 Carnoules, France"}]},{"given":"Marie-France","family":"Leccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc National du Mercantour, 06000 Nice, France"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9mi","family":"Tin\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syndicat Mixte Camargue Gardoise, Centre du Scamandre, Route des Iscles, Gallician, 30600 Vauvert, France"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Cheylan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biog\u00e9ographie et Ecologie des Vert\u00e9br\u00e9s, CEFE, EPHE-PSL University, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34293 Montpellier, France"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Le Henanff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECO-MED \u2013 Ecologie & M\u00e9diation, R\u00e9sidence Atrium, 113 rue Raymond Recouly, 34070 Montpellier, France"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Nicolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7, rue du Labro, 34260 Camplong, France"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Caron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCC \u2013 Centre for Research and Conservation of Chelonians, SOPTOM, Var, 1065 routes du Luc, 83660 Carnoules, France"}]},{"given":"Gr\u00e9goire","family":"Massez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Les Amis des Marais du Vigueirat, Les Marais du Vigueirat, Chemin de l\u2019Etourneau, 13104 Mas Thibert, France"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Cluchier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECO-MED \u2013 Ecologie & M\u00e9diation, R\u00e9sidence Atrium, 113 rue Raymond Recouly, 34070 Montpellier, France"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Levasseur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCC \u2013 Centre for Research and Conservation of Chelonians, SOPTOM, Var, 1065 routes du Luc, 83660 Carnoules, France"},{"name":"474 rue des Comtes de Provence, 83143 Le Val, France"}]},{"given":"Fabien","family":"Pille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCC \u2013 Centre for Research and Conservation of Chelonians, SOPTOM, Var, 1065 routes du Luc, 83660 Carnoules, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Amphibians (LECA), Freshwater and Oceanic Science Unit of Research (FOCUS), University of Li\u00e8ge, 4020 Liege, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Peyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PANDORA, 20 rue Durrell, BP61261, 84922 Avignon c\u00e9dex 9, France"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Thibault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, 13200 Arles, France"}]},{"given":"Angelica","family":"Crottini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO\/InBio, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos Campus Agr\u00e1rio de Vair\u00e3o, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Fuento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LPO PACA, 6 Av. Jean Jaur\u00e8s, 83400 Hy\u00e8res, France"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Andr\u00e9","family":"Crochet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEFE, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, 34293 Montpellier, France"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"R000001","series-title":"Catena","first-page":"141","article-title":"River channel changes in the Rhone Delta (France) since the end of the Little Ice Age: geomorphological adjustment to hydroclimatic change and natural resource management","volume":"51","author":"Arnaud-Fassetta, G.","unstructured":"Arnaud-Fassetta, G. (2003): River channel changes in the Rhone Delta (France) since the end of the Little Ice Age: geomorphological adjustment to hydroclimatic change and natural resource management. 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Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics 16: 113-148."},{"key":"R000006","series-title":"PLoS ONE","article-title":"Comparative phylogeography of amphibians and reptiles in Algeria suggest common causes for the east-west phylogeographic breaks in the Maghreb","volume":"13","author":"Beddek, M.","unstructured":"Beddek, M., Zenboudji-Beddek, S., G\u00e9niez, P., Fathalla, R., Sourouille, P., Arnal, V., Dellaoui, B., Koudache, F., Telailia, S., Peyre, O., Crochet, P.A. (2018): Comparative phylogeography of amphibians and reptiles in Algeria suggest common causes for the east-west phylogeographic breaks in the Maghreb. 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Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 69: 1077-1092."},{"key":"R000023","series-title":"Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution","article-title":"Phylogenomics of Anguis and Pseudopus (Squamata, Anguidae) indicates Balkan-Apennine mitochondrial capture associated with the Messinian event","volume":"180","author":"Gvo\u017ed\u00edk, V.","unstructured":"Gvo\u017ed\u00edk, V., Ne\u010das, T., Jablonski, D., Moriarty Lemmon, E., Lemmon, A.R., Jandzik, D., Moravec, J. (2023): Phylogenomics of Anguis and Pseudopus (Squamata, Anguidae) indicates Balkan-Apennine mitochondrial capture associated with the Messinian event. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution 180: 107674."},{"key":"R000024","series-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.","first-page":"313","article-title":"Biological identifications through DNA barcodes","volume":"270","author":"Hebert, P.D.N.","unstructured":"Hebert, P.D.N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S.L., Jeremy, R. 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