{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T13:43:56Z","timestamp":1762609436401,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689033600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CGL2008-04271-C02-01\/ BOS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL2008-04271-C02-01\/ BOS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011698","name":"Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PPII10-0097- 4200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPII10-0097- 4200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011698","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["PTDC\/BIA- EVL\/28475\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA- EVL\/28475\/2017"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2012FRHYRA and 2017KLZ3MA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012FRHYRA and 2017KLZ3MA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["IF\/01425\/2014 and CEECIND\/00937\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/01425\/2014 and CEECIND\/00937\/2018"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RYC2019-026959-I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RYC2019-026959-I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Amphib.-Reptilia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Assembling DNA barcode reference libraries for various taxonomic groups allows researchers to use metabarcoding or environmental DNA approaches to gain a rapid understanding of diversity in given environments. However, our ability to use reference libraries depends on how accurately DNA barcodes are able to recover taxonomic boundaries and identify species, which is rarely considered. We constructed an extensive COI barcoding library for amphibians of the Western Palearctic and successfully recovered barcodes from 60 urodele and 73 anuran species (representing 94% and 98% of the nominal anuran and urodele species in the Western Palearctic, respectively), covering the intraspecific diversity of the majority of species in this region. We tested the effectiveness of our assembled DNA barcode dataset for species identification using barcoding gap, efficiency analyses, and two phylogenetic species delimitation methods. We obtained DNA barcodes for 1251 specimens (691 anurans and 560 urodeles) with a high success rate (92-96%) of species identification. The absence of a barcoding gap in a number of samples was linked to species misidentifications, which suggest incipient speciation or cryptic diversity, or previously described mitochondrial introgression events. The phylogenetic species delimitation methods resulted in substantial oversplitting of currently accepted taxonomy. This <jats:italic>COI<\/jats:italic> barcoding library provides an almost complete and reliable reference library for Western Palearctic amphibians. We highlight the importance of generating comprehensive and well curated reference libraries that include intra- and interspecific genetic variability and the need of detailed taxonomic revision when ambiguous or incorrect DNA barcodes exist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/15685381-bja10148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T03:38:10Z","timestamp":1689133090000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["COI barcoding provides reliable species identification and pinpoints cryptic diversity in Western Palearctic amphibians"],"prefix":"10.1163","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9483-5695","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Velo-Ant\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Vigo, Facultad de Biolog\u00eda, Edificio de Ciencias Experimentales, Bloque B, Planta 2, Laboratorio 39 (Grupo GEA), E-36310, Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/1034037CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7369-0108","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"E. Anne","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"},{"name":"Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7576-2283","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nikolay A.","family":"Poyarkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9351-4972","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniele","family":"Canestrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0600-7436","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roberta","family":"Bisconti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2146-208X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Borislav","family":"Naumov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3797-4805","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9 Fern\u00e1ndez","family":"Ben\u00e9itez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Recursos Cineg\u00e9ticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo, s\/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3061-3057","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alex","family":"Borisenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2260-226X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"I\u00f1igo","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Solano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Recursos Cineg\u00e9ticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo, s\/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biolog\u00eda Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), c\/ Jos\u00e9 Guti\u00e9rrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"R000001","series-title":"Mol. 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(2020): Alborz Heritage: geographic distribution and genetic differentiation of Iranian Paradactylodon (Amphibia: Hynobiidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 2020: 1-16."},{"key":"R000003","series-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol.","first-page":"945","article-title":"Environmental DNA time series in ecology","volume":"33","author":"B\u00e1lint, M.","unstructured":"B\u00e1lint, M., Pfenninger, M., Grossart, H.P., Taberlet, P., Vellend, M., Leibold, M.A., Englund, G., Bowler, D. (2018): Environmental DNA time series in ecology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 33: 945-957."},{"key":"R000004","series-title":"Patterns of Distribution of Amphibians: a Global Perspective","first-page":"329","article-title":"Distribution of amphibians in North Africa, Europe, Western Asia, and the former Soviet Union","author":"Borkin, L.J.","unstructured":"Borkin, L.J. (1999): Distribution of amphibians in North Africa, Europe, Western Asia, and the former Soviet Union. In: Patterns of Distribution of Amphibians: a Global Perspective. 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Using DNA barcoding and GenBank data for west Central African amphibian conservation","volume":"12","author":"Deichmann, J.L.","unstructured":"Deichmann, J.L., Mulcahy, D.G., Vanthomme, H., Tobi, E., Wynn, A.H., Zimkus, B.M., McDiarmid, R.W. (2017): How many species and under what names? Using DNA barcoding and GenBank data for west Central African amphibian conservation. PLoS One 12 (11): e0187283."},{"key":"R000018","series-title":"BioScience","first-page":"534","article-title":"An ecoregion-based approach to protecting half the terrestrial realm","volume":"67","author":"Dinerstein, E.","unstructured":"Dinerstein, E., Olson, D., Joshi, A., Vynne, C., Burgess, N.D., Wikramanayake, E., Hansen, M. (et al., 2017): An ecoregion-based approach to protecting half the terrestrial realm. BioScience 67: 534-545."},{"key":"R000019","series-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. 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U.S.A. 118: e2103963118."},{"key":"R000026","series-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour.","first-page":"883","article-title":"Hybridization relics complicate barcode-based identification of species in earthworms","volume":"16","author":"Dupont, L.","unstructured":"Dupont, L., Porco, D., Symondson, W.O.C., Roy, V. (2016): Hybridization relics complicate barcode-based identification of species in earthworms. Mol. Ecol. Resour. 16: 883-894."},{"key":"R000027","series-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.","first-page":"211","article-title":"Reconstructing evolution at the community level: a case study on Mediterranean amphibians","volume":"134","author":"Ehl, S.","unstructured":"Ehl, S., Vences, M., Veith, M. (2019): Reconstructing evolution at the community level: a case study on Mediterranean amphibians. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 134: 211-225."},{"author":"Ezard, T.","unstructured":"Ezard, T., Fujisawa, T., Barraclough, T.G. (2009): Splits: species\u2019 limits by threshold statistics. 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