{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:19:29Z","timestamp":1767676769010,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Comp Sociol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the mid-1970s, the countries of Southern Europe have been approaching European education patterns. This result can be observed in the positive dynamics and convergence with the rest of Europe. However, despite these visible results, the convergence was more evident up until the outbreak of the crisis, where the overall economic and political conditions also brought changes in policymaking in education to the Southern European countries, both in terms of policy priorities and educational outcomes. Therefore, while economic hardship and austere programs are a common trait in recent years, the changes cannot be directly or simply attributed to economic or financial constraints; these changes are mainly due to different political options endorsed by the governments of Portugal, Spain, Italy, and Greece. The main empirical sources are the Eurostat and the<jats:sc>oecd<\/jats:sc>. Other empirical material relates to national reports produced in the framework of an international project:<jats:italic><jats:sc>ecse<\/jats:sc>International Report, Educational Challenges in Southern Europe. Equity and efficiency in a time of crisis.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/15691330-12341402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,13]],"date-time":"2016-10-13T17:38:07Z","timestamp":1476380287000},"page":"593-620","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Crisis and Education in Southern Europe: The Effects of Austerity and Ideology"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Capucha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Estudos de Sociologia (CIES-IUL)LisbonPortugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Sebasti\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISCTE-IUL, CIES-IULLisbonPortugal"}]},{"given":"Susana da Cruz","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISCTE-IUL, CIES-IUL & Gulbenkian professorshipLisbonPortugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Capucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISCTE-IUL, CIES-IULLisbonPortugal"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"bibr1","article-title":"The Education Debate","volume-title":"The Policy Press","author":"Ball","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199379231.001.0001","volume-title":"Education Matters Global \u2013 School gains from the 19th to the 21st century","author":"Barro","year":"2015"},{"volume-title":"Austerity: The History of a Dangerous Idea","year":"2013","author":"Blyth","key":"bibr3"},{"key":"bibr4","first-page":"393","article-title":"\u201cIniciativa Novas Oportunidades, o Tempo da Igualdade\u201d [New Opportunities Initiative, the Time of Equity].","volume-title":"40 Anos de Pol\u00edticas de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o em Portugal \u2013 Volume I \u2013 A constru\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema democr\u00e1tico de ensino","author":"Capucha","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1163\/15691330-12341316","article-title":"\u201cThe Role of Stereotyping in Public Legitimation: the case of the pigs label\u201d","volume":"13","author":"Capucha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comparative Sociology"},{"volume-title":"Accreditation of prior learning as a lever for lifelong learning \u2013 Lessons learnt from the New Opportunities Initiative","year":"2011","author":"Carneiro","key":"bibr6"},{"key":"bibr7","article-title":"National report: Italy \u2013 Educational Challenges in Southern Europe","volume-title":"Equity and efficiency in a time of crisis","author":"Colombo","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr8","article-title":"\u201cCompet\u00eancias para a sociedade educativa: quest\u00f5es te\u00f3ricas e resultados de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d [Competences for educational society: theoretical issues and research results]","volume-title":"Cruzamento de Saberes, Aprendizagens Sustent\u00e1veis","author":"Costa","year":"2003"},{"volume-title":"Educar en tiempos inciertos","year":"2001","author":"Enguita","key":"bibr9"},{"article-title":"\u201cGrowth competitiveness employment. 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