{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T01:06:29Z","timestamp":1776215189841,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Relig. Eur."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>By analysing the result of a survey conducted in 2018 in the most populated metropolis in Portugal, this study seeks to make a sociological characterisation of \u2018believers without religion\u2019 from a dual perspective: on one hand, their proximity to the non-believers groups regarding religious practices; on the other hand, their adjacency to Portuguese cultural Catholicism with respect to beliefs and attitudes. The growth of this population expresses a paradox: their identity accounts for the subsistence of fragments of a late traditional religiosity, but also points to the emergence of new forms of individual beliefs, strongly marked by the effects of the \u2018subjective turn.\u2019 In this context, the lack of institutional regulation does not convey an undetermined universe of believers. Paradoxically, references to cultural Catholicism endure; however, they do so hand in hand with forms of religious abandonment, giving rise to various paths that lead to a growing estrangement from Catholicism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/18748929-01204003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T04:31:48Z","timestamp":1604550708000},"page":"415-443","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Believers without Religion: Trends and Paradoxes in Portuguese Society"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Theology, Portuguese Catholic University alfredo.teixeira@ft.lisboa.ucp.pt"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Vila\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Arts and Humanities of University of Porto hvilaca19@gmail.com"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Dix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Theology, Portuguese Catholic University steffen.dix@ft.lisboa.ucp.pt"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"R000001","series-title":"A Igreja e a cultura contempor\u00e2nea em Portugal 1950\u20132000","first-page":"437","article-title":"Catolicismo e cultura na sociedade portuguesa contempor\u00e2nea","author":"Antunes, Manuel Lu\u00eds Marinho","unstructured":"Antunes, Manuel Lu\u00eds Marinho\n\n, \u201cCatolicismo e cultura na sociedade portuguesa contempor\u00e2nea,\u201d in: \n\nManuel Braga\nda Cruz\n & \nNat\u00e1lia Correia\nGuedes\n\n (eds.), \nA Igreja e a cultura contempor\u00e2nea em Portugal 1950\u20132000\n (Lisbon: Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Editora), 437\u2013456."},{"key":"R000002","series-title":"Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity","author":"Asad, Talal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Asad, Talal\n\n, \nFormations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity\n (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003)."},{"key":"R000003","series-title":"Liquid Modernity","author":"Bauman,\nZygmunt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bauman,\nZygmunt\n\n, \nLiquid Modernity\n (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000)."},{"key":"R000004","series-title":"The Individualized Society","author":"Bauman,\nZygmunt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bauman,\nZygmunt\n\n, \nThe Individualized Society\n (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2001)."},{"key":"R000005","series-title":"Postsecular Cities: Space, Theory and Practice","year":"2011","unstructured":"Beaumont, Justin\n, & \nChristopher\nBaker\n\n (eds.), \nPostsecular Cities: Space, Theory and Practice\n (London: Continuum, 2011)."},{"key":"R000006","series-title":"The Many Altars of the World: Toward a Paradigm for Religion in a Pluralist Age","author":"Berger, Peter L.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Berger, Peter L.\n\n, \nThe Many Altars of the World: Toward a Paradigm for Religion in a Pluralist Age\n (Boston & Berlin: De Gruyter, 2014)."},{"key":"R000007","series-title":"Politics and Religion","first-page":"378","article-title":"Alternative Religion\u2014A New Political Cleavage? 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