{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T06:38:30Z","timestamp":1773383910394,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. African Arch."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Southeast Africa has become an important region for understanding the development of the Middle Stone Age (<jats:sc>MSA<\/jats:sc>) and Anatomically Modern Humans. Due to its location between east and southern Africa, Mozambique is a key region for evaluating the development of <jats:italic>Homo sapiens<\/jats:italic> and the <jats:sc>MSA<\/jats:sc> across Africa. Here, we present the first results of lithic analyses of <jats:sc>MSA<\/jats:sc> assemblages collected during survey and testing in the Niassa and Massingir regions of Mozambique in 2014-2016. We were able to locate close to 200 new Stone Age surface sites. Data show that raw material use is different in the two areas. The lithic assemblages from both areas show the use of centripetal technology, but in Massingir, Levallois points, the respective cores and blade technology are frequent, they are almost absent in the northern region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/21915784-20180006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]],"date-time":"2018-07-19T02:40:18Z","timestamp":1531968018000},"page":"60-82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Middle Stone Age Technologies in Mozambique: A Preliminary Study of the Niassa and Massingir Regions"],"prefix":"10.1163","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nuno","family":"Bicho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICArEHB, FCHS, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas\n8005-139 FaroPortugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Cascalheira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICArEHB, FCHS, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas\n8005-139 FaroPortugal"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Haws","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICArEHB, FCHS, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas\n\nDepartment of Anthropology, University of Louisville\n8005-139 FaroPortugal"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICArEHB, FCHS, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas\n8005-139 FaroPortugal"}]}],"member":"374","reference":[{"key":"bibr1","volume-title":"Lithics","author":"Andrefsky","year":"1998"},{"key":"bibr2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132428","article-title":"Diachronic change within the Still Bay at Blombos Cave, South Africa","volume":"10","author":"Archer","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"bibr3","first-page":"16","article-title":"The faunal remains from the Middle Stone Age levels of Bushman Rock Shelter in South Africa","volume":"67","author":"Badenhorst","year":"2012","journal-title":"South African Archaeological Bulletin"},{"key":"bibr4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-2719-1_2","article-title":"The Red Sea, coastal landscapes, and hominin dispersals","volume-title":"The Evolution of Human Populations in Arabia","author":"Bailey","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2002.0597","article-title":"Backed tools in Middle Pleistocene central Africa and their evolutionary significance","volume":"43","author":"Barham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3213\/2191-5784-10270","article-title":"Excavations at site C North, Kalambo Falls, Zambia: New insights into the Mode 2\/3 transition in south-central Africa","volume":"13","author":"Barham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of African Archaeology"},{"key":"bibr7","article-title":"As forma\u00e7\u00f5es quatern\u00e1rias do sul do Save e as suas rela\u00e7\u00f5es com a pr\u00e9-hist\u00f3ria","volume-title":"Boletim da Sociedade de Estudos da Col\u00f3nia de Mo\u00e7ambique","author":"Barradas","year":"1945"},{"key":"bibr8","first-page":"3","article-title":"Complexos geol\u00f3gico-arqueol\u00f3gicos do quatern\u00e1rio no sul de Mo\u00e7ambique","volume":"90","author":"Barradas","year":"1955","journal-title":"Boletim da Sociedade de Estudos da Colon\u00eda de Mo\u00e7ambique"},{"key":"bibr9","first-page":"113","article-title":"Concheiros da antiga baia de Louren\u00e7o Marques","volume":"2","author":"Barradas","year":"1964","journal-title":"Estudos sobre pr\u00e9-hist\u00f3ria do ultramar portugu\u00eas"},{"key":"bibr10","article-title":"Middle Stone Age technologies in Mozambique: preliminary results","author":"Bicho","year":"2016a"},{"key":"bibr11","article-title":"Txina-Txina, a new LSA site from the Limpopo River Valley, Mozambique","author":"Bicho","year":"2017a"},{"key":"bibr12","article-title":"Txina Txina: a Later Stone Age site from the Limpopo basin in southern Mozambique","author":"Bicho","year":"2017b"},{"key":"bibr13","article-title":"Middle and Late Stone Age of the Niassa region, northern Mozambique","author":"Bicho","year":"2015a"},{"key":"bibr14","series-title":"404 Part B","first-page":"87","article-title":"Middle and Late Stone Age of the Niassa region, northern Mozambique. Preliminary results","author":"Bicho","year":"2016b","journal-title":"Quaternary International"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1080\/00934690.2017.1323543","article-title":"Did modern human dispersal take a coastal route into India? 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100,000-year-old ochre-processing workshop at Blombos Cave, South Africa","volume":"334","author":"Henshilwood","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"bibr52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2014.01.033","article-title":"Klipdrift Shelter, southern Cape, South Africa: preliminary report on the Howiesons Poort layers","volume":"45","author":"Henshilwood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Archaeological Science"},{"key":"bibr53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/961401","article-title":"A chronological perspective on the Acheulian and its transition to the Middle Stone Age in southern Africa: the question of the Fauresmith","author":"Herries","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Evolutionary Biology"},{"issue":"7657","key":"bibr54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22336","article-title":"New fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the pan-African origin of Homo 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Mozambique","volume":"57","author":"Mercader","year":"2009a","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcp097","article-title":"Phytoliths in woody plants from the Miombo woodlands of Mozambique","volume":"104","author":"Mercader","year":"2009b","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yqres.2010.09.008","article-title":"Soil phytoliths from miombo woodlands in Mozambique","volume":"75","author":"Mercader","year":"2011","journal-title":"Quaternary Research"},{"key":"bibr78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2012.10.013","article-title":"Phytoliths from Middle Stone Age habitats in the Mozambican Rift (105-129 ka)","volume":"64","author":"Mercader","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Human 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