{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T05:33:33Z","timestamp":1774244013005,"version":"3.50.1"},"update-to":[{"DOI":"10.1163\/22102396-04804005","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549238400000},"record-id":"23839"}],"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can.-Am. Slav. Stud."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Albania began the democratic transformation process in 1991 with a heavy post-communist legacy. Since then, it has continued to experience many difficulties in its path towards democracy, especially in relation to two critical issues: respect for the rule of law and corruption. Following the theories of transition, this paper analyses important pillars of the rule of law: horizontal accountability, effective and legitimate institutions of governance, and transparent public administration, in order to understand why it is so difficult to establish the rule of law in Albania. This paper aims to bring to focus Albania\u2019s democratization process by looking at the institutionalization of political society. Based on the assumption that corruption is tied up with the issue of governance, we try to show how endemic corruption in the state apparatus undermines the basis of the rule of law in Albania by eroding state capacity, civil society and legal culture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1163\/22102396-04804005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,21]],"date-time":"2014-11-21T13:25:41Z","timestamp":1416576341000},"page":"468-491","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Albania\u2019s Difficult Path towards Democracy"],"prefix":"10.30965","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"Cierco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of PortoPortugal"}]}],"member":"374","updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.30965\/22102396-00000024","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594857600000},"record-id":"23838"},{"DOI":"10.1163\/22102396-04804005","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549238400000},"record-id":"23839"}],"container-title":["Canadian-American Slavic Studies"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/brill.com\/view\/journals\/css\/48\/4\/article-p468_1.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T02:54:36Z","timestamp":1578365676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/brill.com\/view\/journals\/css\/48\/4\/article-p468_1.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/22102396-04804005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-8290","2210-2396"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-8290","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2210-2396","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]}}}