{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T11:05:23Z","timestamp":1774523123492,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]],"date-time":"2005-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is currently no optimal treatment or effective drug for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), because the immunopathologic mechanism is poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the immune mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of SARS, we studied the expression profile of cytokines\/chemokines in the blood and the immunopathology of the lung and lymphoid tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen cytokines\/chemokines in the blood of 23 patients with SARS were dynamically screened, using a bead-based multiassay system. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify mRNA. Histopathology of the lung and lymphoid tissues at autopsy was examined, using methods of immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence staining.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) was markedly elevated in the blood during the early stage of SARS, and remained at a high level until convalescence. Moreover, IP-10 was highly expressed in both lung and lymphoid tissues, where monocyte-macrophage infiltration and depletion of lymphocytes were observed. The levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were concomitantly increased in the blood of the patients with superinfection, and the mRNAs for these cytokines were also increased in lung tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Induction of IP-10 is a critical event in the initiation of immune-mediated acute lung injury and lymphocyte apoptosis during the development of SARS. Superinfection after the immune injury is the main cause of death. The prompt elevation of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is a sign of superinfection, indicating a high risk of death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200407-857oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,18]],"date-time":"2005-01-18T22:09:10Z","timestamp":1106086150000},"page":"850-857","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":279,"title":["Characterization of Cytokine\/Chemokine Profiles of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Yong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou; and Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou; and Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}]},{"given":"Chengzhi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou; and Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}]},{"given":"Zhenguo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou; and Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}]},{"given":"Shuqing","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou; and Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}]},{"given":"Jinghua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou; and Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou; and Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou; and Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}]},{"given":"Qinghe","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou; and Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, and Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou; and Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032606211323000_BIB1","first-page":"1319","volume-title":"Lancet","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026032606211323000_BIB2","first-page":"1953","volume-title":"N Engl J Med","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026032606211323000_BIB3","first-page":"1967","volume-title":"N Engl J 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