{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T04:10:15Z","timestamp":1774930215171,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]],"date-time":"1988-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":583718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Quadriplegics are able to compensate for alterations of operational length of the diaphragm by reflexly increasing neural drive to the diaphragm. This increase in neural drive is adequate to maintain required tidal volume and minute ventilation during quiet breathing in these patients with limited inspiratory muscle function. It is not known, however, if this neural compensation is sufficient to preserve ventilation when the diaphragm is stressed by simultaneously changing its operational length and increasing ventilatory demands. This issue was explored in 7 quadriplegics whose vital capacity was reduced to 15 to 53% of predicted. The diaphragm was stressed by shortening its length from the supine to a 60\u00b0 tilted position, and also by inducing hyperventilation by having the subjects rebreathe 7% CO2. Response to this stress was recorded by monitoring the ventilatory response to rebreathing CO2 (\u0394 \u00a0e\/APCO2), and also by measuring mouth pressure 0.1 s after occluding the airway at the start of inspiration during CO2 rebreathing (\u0394P0.1\/\u0394PCO2). A change from the supine to the tilted position caused an increase in resting end-expiratory volume of 0.8 \u00b1 0.2 L (SD) and therefore shortened the diaphragm. Despite this shortening of diaphragm length and the stress of CO2 rebreathing, there was no significant change in \u0394 \u00a0e\/\u0394PCO2 and \u0394P0.1\/\u0394PCO2 with changes in posture. The \u0394 \u00a0e\/\u0394PCO2 was 0.82 \u00b1 0.42 L\/min\/mm Hg supine versus 0.95 \u00b1 0.65 L\/min\/mm Hg when tilted. The \u0394PCO0.1\/\u0394PCO2 was 0.18 \u00b1 0.08 cm H2O\/mm Hg supine versus 0.20 \u00b1 0.10 cm H20\/mm Hg tilted. We then conclude that reflex neural compensation for changes of diaphragm length is adequate to maintain ventilation even when ventilatory demands are augmented and inspiratory muscle reserve is severely impaired.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/138.1.101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,20]],"date-time":"2011-07-20T05:44:11Z","timestamp":1311140651000},"page":"101-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effects of Posture on Stimulated Ventilation in Quadriplegia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"F. Dennis","family":"Mccool","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond J.","family":"Mayewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard W.","family":"Hyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.51.3.654","volume":"51","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"p_10","first-page":"57","volume":"103","year":"1971","journal-title":"Respir Dis"},{"key":"p_13","first-page":"17","volume":"9","year":"1950","journal-title":"Sci"},{"key":"p_26","first-page":"20","volume":"16","year":"1967","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"p_37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.90.4.546"},{"key":"p_41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.84.1.19"},{"key":"p_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1975.38.6.1095","volume":"38","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"p_58","first-page":"1136","volume":"58","year":"1985","journal-title":"Physiol"},{"key":"p_62","first-page":"909","volume":"119","year":"1979","journal-title":"Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"p_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1976.41.3.369","volume":"41","year":"1976","journal-title":"Appl Physiol"},{"key":"p_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.2.405","volume":"53","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"}],"container-title":["American Review of Respiratory Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/138\/1\/101\/67663343\/ajrccm_138_1_101.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/138\/1\/101\/67663343\/ajrccm_138_1_101.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T02:47:51Z","timestamp":1774925271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/138\/1\/101\/8560723"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm\/138.1.101","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-0805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-0805","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1988,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]}}}