{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:39:13Z","timestamp":1784194753636,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,1]],"date-time":"1990-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":644198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a series of dynamic in vitro studies designed to assess the activity of ethambutol (EMB) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we made the following observations. Ethambutol showed bactericidal action with 10 \u00b5g\/ml concentration when in constant contact with M. tuberculosis. At a lower concentration, bactericidal action was evident up to 6 days; after that time, this effect was lost owing to the development of drug-resistant mutants. The bactericidal action of ethambutol in this model was similar to that of rifampin and isoniazid. Pulsed exposure for 96 h caused a four-log reduction in cfu counts, but the growth resumed rapidly. The bactericidal action of ethambutol was maximal at 37\u00b0 C and less at low temperatures. Ethambutol showed little activity against cultures growing at 8\u00b0 C continuously that were incubated for only 1 h at 37\u00b0 C. Against cultures growing at 8\u00b0 C that were brought to 37\u00b0 C for 6 h, its action was similar to that of rifampin. Ethambutol combined with other drugs showed bactericidal action, although the activity was less than that of the combination isoniazid-streptomycin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.6.1478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T17:12:19Z","timestamp":1365095539000},"page":"1478-1482","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Effects of Exposure Time, Drug Concentration, and Temperature on the Activity of Ethambutol versus\n                    <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Pattisapu R. J.","family":"Gangadharam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip F.","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbara Davies Diabetes Center, Denver, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veluchamy K.","family":"Perumal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Drew Medical Center, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Iseman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_10","first-page":"91","volume":"110","author":"Sbarbaro JA","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"p_13","first-page":"396","volume":"49","year":"1974","journal-title":"Union Tuberc"},{"key":"p_22","first-page":"558","volume":"88","year":"1963","journal-title":"Respir Dis"},{"key":"p_50","first-page":"498","volume":"81","year":"1960","journal-title":"Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"p_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.76.6_Supplement.771","volume":"76","year":"1979","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"p_56","first-page":"653","volume":"102","year":"1970","journal-title":"Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"p_63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1966.tb45522.x"}],"container-title":["American Review of Respiratory Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/141\/6\/1478\/67649701\/ajrccm_141_6_1478.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/141\/6\/1478\/67649701\/ajrccm_141_6_1478.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T02:18:21Z","timestamp":1774923501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/141\/6\/1478\/8558799"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,1]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.6.1478","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-0805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-0805","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,1]]}}}