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Allergic asthmatics had increased numbers of CD4+IL-2R+ T cells in peripheral blood and BAL, and T-cell activation closely correlated with numbers of low-affinity IgE receptor (CD23) bearing B cells. In contrast, in nonallergic asthmatics both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from blood and BAL had increased expression of IL-2R, HLA-DR, and VLA-1. Furthermore, in the nonallergic asthmatics CD8+ T cells were decreased in blood but increased in BAL. Cytokine levels were determined in BAL fluid and supernatants from purified peripheral blood T cells and enriched BAL lymphocyte preparations. Allergic asthmatics were characterized by increased levels of IL-4 and IL-5, and this elevated IL-4 contributed to the elevated IgE levels found in these allergic subjects. In contrast, nonallergic asthmatics had elevated levels of IL-2 and IL-5, with IL-2 contributing to T-cell activation. In both types of asthma, the close correlation of IL-5 levels with eosinophilia suggests that IL-5 is responsible for the characteristic eosinophilia of asthma. Thus, we provide evidence of distinct T-cell activation resulting in different spectra of cytokines in allergic and nonallergic asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.1.109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T17:36:48Z","timestamp":1365097008000},"page":"109-115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":563,"title":["Allergic and Nonallergic Asthmatics Have Distinct Patterns of T-Cell Activation and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Blood and Bronchoalveolar Lavage"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erhard","family":"Bode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liesbeth","family":"Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor T.","family":"Hansel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kurt","family":"Blaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Johann-Christian","family":"Virchow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.1.225"},{"key":"p_31","first-page":"600","volume":"136","year":"1987","journal-title":"Dis"},{"key":"p_36","first-page":"433","volume":"135","year":"1987","journal-title":"Respir Dis"},{"key":"p_40","first-page":"1349","volume":"310","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Med"},{"key":"p_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.2.9.2836253","volume":"2","year":"1988","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"12","key":"p_55","first-page":"380","volume":"8","year":"1987","journal-title":"Today"},{"key":"p_59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.1.219"},{"key":"p_70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.166.1.129"},{"key":"p_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.6.1829","volume":"146","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"p_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.5.2.1825981","volume":"5","year":"1991","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"p_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4651","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.12.4651","volume":"144","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"p_86","first-page":"775","volume":"173","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"p_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.02060561","volume":"2","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"p_96","first-page":"1693","volume":"168","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"p_100","first-page":"18","year":"1989","journal-title":"Basel: Karger"},{"key":"p_106","first-page":"11","volume":"19","year":"1989","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"p_108","volume":"158","author":"Ieukin","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"p_113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830150515"},{"key":"p_144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(90)90093-J"}],"container-title":["American Review of Respiratory Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/146\/1\/109\/67642106\/ajrccm_146_1_109.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/146\/1\/109\/67642106\/ajrccm_146_1_109.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T08:11:23Z","timestamp":1774858283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/146\/1\/109\/8556876"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,7,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.1.109","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-0805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-0805","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1992,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,7,1]]}}}