{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:32:58Z","timestamp":1790861578698,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,9,1]],"date-time":"1992-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":715305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The types of animal models that are used for assessing lung preservation, and the types of interventions that are likely to prove of value, must be carefully selected. For example, the events of warm ischemia are not necessarily the same as those that occur during cold preservation. Warm ischemia has often been used as a means of accelerating the degree of ischemic injury, but the events may not be qualitatively the same. Nonetheless, the use of different types of lung injury models contributes to our overall understanding of mechanisms of lung injury associated with transplantation. Pathologic studies of lung injury ischemia and reperfusion may not prove helpful, as they may be nonspecific and insensitive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>To compare results of different preservation methods, a standardized animal model would be most helpful if a universally accepted one could be identified. This would include standard measurements of lung function, standard techniques of transplantation, and follow-up studies of several days' duration after transplantation. Such a model could serve as the ultimate test of preservation methods following its development in a variety of the animal models. It must be emphasized that whereas animal models generally begin with a normal lung that is preserved, the clinical situation differs because the donor lungs may be far from normal at the outset due to the effects of brain death, hemodynamic instability, infection, trauma, and a host of other factors. Thus, the limits of safe preservation in a clinical situation may well be significantly less than the safe preservation time demonstrated in the laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Endothelial cells are of critical importance in preservation and reperfusion injury. Studies of leukocyte-endothelial interaction, endothelial metabolism, and endothelial protection against cytokines and oxidants are all important avenues for investigation. Furthermore, studies of cytokine induction, and the means to inhibit cytokine production, may prove of value.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Finally, the excellent results now being achieved with clinical lung transplantation are all the more remarkable in view of our scant knowledge of the effects of prolonged cold ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. It is important to encourage research in this area because such studies will enhance understanding of basic lung biology. Furthermore, the limits of preservation time and donor lung requirements need to be continually tested and reevaluated using a realistic animal model of lung transplantation. The clinical success of lung transplantation provides an added incentive to encourage such research to maximize the use of scarce resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.3.803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T17:36:54Z","timestamp":1365097014000},"page":"803-807","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Biology of Lung Preservation for Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Joel D.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol E.","family":"Vreim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,9,1]]},"container-title":["American Review of Respiratory Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/146\/3\/803\/67755447\/ajrccm_146_3_803.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/146\/3\/803\/67755447\/ajrccm_146_3_803.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T06:27:44Z","timestamp":1775197664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/146\/3\/803\/8556981"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,9,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.3.803","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-0805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-0805","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1992,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,9,1]]}}}