{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:07:49Z","timestamp":1793383669845,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,3,1]],"date-time":"1993-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":730944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The nasal airway is a common route for oxygen delivery to hypoxemic patients, and it has been advocated as a suitable route for intermittent positive pressure ventilation to patients in respiratory failure. There is, however, conflicting evidence on the question of whether nasal airflow has a stimulant or a depressant effect on ventilation. We therefore studied the effects on ventilation of increasing and decreasing nasal airflow during sleep, thereby avoiding the voluntary and behavioral influences on breathing seen during wakefulness. After an acclimatization night, each of nine normal male volunteers (20 to 28 yr of age) underwent overnight sleep studies using standard techniques. Each sleep study had three phases of at least 2-h durations: (1) control nasal breathing (CNB); (2) added nasal flow of 4 L of compressed air via nasal prongs (ANF); (3) predominant mouth breathing (PMB). Significant differences were found by ANOVA for the three experimental periods for both minute ventilation ( \u00a0i) and mean inspiratory flow rate (Vt\/Ti) during Stage 2 sleep, with the highest values occurring during ANF. \u00a0i was 5.40 \u00b1 0.58 L\/min (mean \u00b1 SD) during ANF, 5.35 \u00b1 0.82 during CNB, and 4.92 \u00b1 0.71 during PMB (p &amp;lt; 0.05 by ANOVA). Vt\/Tt was 266 \u00b1 23 ml\/s during ANF, 248 \u00b1 39 during CNB, and 241 \u00b1 30 during PMB (p &amp;lt; 0.02 by ANOVA). Vt aiso tended to be higher during ANF (p &amp;lt; 0.1 by ANOVA). Respiratory frequency did not differ significantly during the three study periods. There was insufficient slow-wave and REM sleep to allow ventilatory comparisons in these sleep stages. These findings support the hypothesis that nasal airflow has a stimulant effect on breathing during sleep.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/147.3.620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T17:41:07Z","timestamp":1365097267000},"page":"620-623","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Effects of Nasal Airflow on Breathing during Sleep in Normal Humans"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"Walter T.","family":"Mcnicholas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine and the Respiratory Sleep Laboratory, University College and St. Vincent's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Coffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine and the Respiratory Sleep Laboratory, University College and St. Vincent's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine and the Respiratory Sleep Laboratory, University College and St. Vincent's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_1","first-page":"97","volume":"115","author":"Proctor OF","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"p_2","first-page":"158","volume":"124","author":"Zwilich CW","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"p_3","first-page":"625","volume":"126","author":"McNicholas WT","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.51.5.1189","volume":"51","author":"McBriqe B","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"p_5","first-page":"972","volume":"132","author":"White","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"p_6","first-page":"233","author":"Widdicombe J","year":"1988","journal-title":"New York: Marcel Dekker"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90357-B"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00257462"},{"key":"p_10","first-page":"909","volume":"118","author":"Phillipson EA","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.22.3.407","volume":"22","author":"Konno K","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"p_13","first-page":"209","volume":"127","author":"Zimmerman PV","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"p_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.56.6.1659","volume":"56","author":"Hudgel DW","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"p_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1972.sp009797","volume":"222","author":"Clark FJ","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197903083001001"},{"key":"p_18","first-page":"391","author":"Cole P","year":"1988","journal-title":"New York: Marcel Dekker"},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.65.4.1520","volume":"65","author":"Tanaka Y","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.66.2.830","volume":"66","author":"Fraser G","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"p_21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.40.5.364"},{"key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.59.5.1607","volume":"59","author":"Shore ET","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"p_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.56.1.133","volume":"56","author":"Hudgel DW","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"p_25","first-page":"363","year":"1986","journal-title":"Society"},{"key":"p_26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(83)90041-5"},{"key":"p_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.58.1.258","volume":"58","author":"Fisher JT","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"p_28","first-page":"303","author":"Mortola JP","year":"1988","journal-title":"New York: Marcel Dekker"},{"key":"p_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.66.4.1766","volume":"66","author":"Basner RC","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"p_30","first-page":"379","author":"Ritchie JM","year":"1975","journal-title":"New York: Mac-Millan"}],"container-title":["American Review of Respiratory Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/147\/3\/620\/67756600\/ajrccm_147_3_620.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/147\/3\/620\/67756600\/ajrccm_147_3_620.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T06:42:04Z","timestamp":1775198524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/147\/3\/620\/8556460"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,3,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm\/147.3.620","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-0805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-0805","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1993,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,3,1]]}}}