{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:39:40Z","timestamp":1780101580662,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,4,1]],"date-time":"1993-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":733622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mechanism of airway eosinophilia during antigen-induced inflammation was investigated by measurement of eosinophil-active cytokines utilizing an eosinophil survival assay. In the first study, 4 patients with allergic rhinitis underwent segmental bronchoprovocation (SBP) with low, medium, and high doses of ragweed extract instilled into different bronchial subsegments; bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were collected from each segment 12 min and 48 h after challenge. Eosinophil granule proteins and eosinophil survival activity were significantly elevated in the 48-h (late-phase) BAL fluids from these segments. Correlations were observed between the concentrations of eosinophil granule proteins and eosinophil survival activity (rs = 0.717 to 0.880, p &amp;lt; 0.001) in BAL fluids. Eosinophil survival activity was completely neutralized by anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody in five of the seven 48-h samples tested representing three of the 4 patients. In the two remaining samples, eosinophil survival activity was only partially neutralized by either anti-IL-5 antibody or anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) but was completely neutralized by anti-IL-5 and anti-GM-CSF in combination. Subsequently, in the second study, 10 patients with allergic rhinitis were challenged by SBP with ragweed extract. Eosinophil survival activity was significantly elevated in the 48-h BAL fluids; this activity was partially neutralized by anti-IL-5 antibody about (48%) and completely neutralized by the combination of anti-IL-5 and anti-GM-CSF antibodies. These findings suggest that the eosinophil survival activity in the late inflammatory lesions following SBP with allergen is mainly associated with IL-5, with small contributions from GM-CSF. Thus, IL-5 is the predominant eosinophil-active cytokine present in BAL fluids during allergen-induced late-phase inflammation and may play a key role in the pathophysiology of allergen-induced, eosinophil-predominant airway inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/147.4.901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T17:41:07Z","timestamp":1365097267000},"page":"901-907","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["IL-5 Is the Predominant Eosinophil-active Cytokine in the Antigen-induced Pulmonary Late-phase Reaction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"147","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Immunology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, the Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, and the DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Kita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Immunology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, the Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, and the DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Weiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Immunology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, the Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, and the DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Immunology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, the Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, and the DNAX Research Institute, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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