{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T08:36:03Z","timestamp":1775205363816,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,9,1]],"date-time":"1993-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":746841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate the effect of prenatal cocaine on the physiologic responses to hypoxia, we evaluated ventilation, oxyhemoglobin saturation, and pulse rate at 0.21 Fi \u00a0O2 (baseline) and in response to 20-min exposure to either 0.15 or 0.08 Fi \u00a0O2 on Days 4 to 6 of life in 31 unanesthetized New Zealand white rabbit pups born to cocaine-exposed (30 mg\/kg\/day of subcutaneous cocaine HCI injection from Days 7 to 15 of a 32-day gestation) or free-fed (injection of sterile water) does. We found that baseline ventilation (measured by dualsidearm pneumotachograph from the plethysmograph), SaO2 (measured by pulse oximeter), and pulse rate did not differ significantly between cocaine-exposed and free-fed pups. At 0.15 Fi \u00a0O2, cocaine-exposed pups had increased \u00a0i (p &amp;lt; 0.0005), Vt (p &amp;lt; 0.0005), and Vt\/Ti (p &amp;lt; 0.0005) compared with free-fed pups, but no significant difference in f, Ti, Te, Ti\/Tr, SaO2, or pulse rate. At 0.08 Fi \u00a0O2 cocaine-exposed pups had increased i (p = 0.001), Vt\/Ti (p = 0.021), and Te (p = 0.023) compared with free-fed pups, due primarily to the effects in the first 10 min of hypoxic exposure. However, differences in group response were less apparent than at 0.15 Fi \u00a0O2, with a sustained ventilatory response on prolonged exposure to 0.08 Fi \u00a0O2 among free-fed pups but not cocaine-exposed pups. Further, SaO2 (p &amp;lt; 0.0005) and pulse rate (p = 0.012) were significantly lower among cocaine-exposed pups compared with free-fed pups, particularly after 10-min exposure to 0.08 Fi \u00a0O2 when \u00a0i was equivalent. These results suggest that exposure in early gestation to cocaine modifies the ventilatory response to hypoxia, but not baseline ventilation. Further, after prolonged hypoxia, cocaine-exposed pups have more significant oxyhemoglobin desaturation and pulse deceleration despite equivalent \u00a0i, suggesting that they lack a defense mechanism against prolonged severe hypoxia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.3.589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,3]],"date-time":"2011-08-03T16:21:57Z","timestamp":1312388517000},"page":"589-596","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effect of Cocaine in Early Gestation: Physiologic Responses to Hypoxia in Newborn Rabbits"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Debra E.","family":"Weese-Mayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary A.","family":"Barkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y86-018"},{"issue":"4","key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.50.4.713","volume":"50","author":"Hazinski TA","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(88)90112-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"p_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.67.3.1271","volume":"67","author":"Srinivasan M","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.58.4.1285","volume":"58","author":"Trippenbach T","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"p_9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000243347"},{"issue":"2","key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.64.2.817","volume":"64","author":"Weese-Mayer DE","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1978.44.2.304","volume":"44","author":"Wyszogrodski I","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1159\/000480583","volume":"4","author":"Weese-Mayer DE","year":"1991","journal-title":"Dev Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"p_14","first-page":"209","volume":"8","author":"Hudson R","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol"},{"issue":"1","key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.1.250","volume":"55","author":"Mortola JP","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"p_17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000240798"},{"key":"p_18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(88)90127-2"},{"issue":"4","key":"p_19","first-page":"74A","volume":"25","author":"Wasiewski WW","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatr Aes"},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03390070077027"},{"key":"p_21","first-page":"41","volume":"3","author":"Cunningham KA","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1990.tb12998.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"p_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-01-00100.1988","volume":"8","author":"Einhorn LC","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"p_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(88)90209-X"},{"key":"p_25","first-page":"234","volume":"16","author":"Zhang JX","year":"1990","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci Abstr"},{"key":"p_26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1989.tb21034.x"},{"key":"p_27","first-page":"583","volume":"143","author":"Chasnoff IJ","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"p_28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950110409"},{"key":"p_29","first-page":"1015","volume":"140","author":"Ward SLD","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"p_30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(87)90017-1"},{"key":"p_31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80133-7"},{"key":"p_32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb37236.x"},{"key":"p_33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(87)90018-3"},{"key":"p_34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80125-8"}],"container-title":["American Review of Respiratory Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/148\/3\/589\/67757702\/ajrccm_148_3_589.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/148\/3\/589\/67757702\/ajrccm_148_3_589.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T06:53:07Z","timestamp":1775199187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/148\/3\/589\/8560666"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,9,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.3.589","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-0805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-0805","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1993,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,9,1]]}}}