{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T07:32:50Z","timestamp":1774942370091,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,4,1]],"date-time":"1995-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":796694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia remains one of the most common opportunistic infections in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Treatment with either intravenous pentamidine or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is frequently complicated by serious adverse reactions. This study was a prospective, blinded comparison of 600 mg\/d of pentamidine as an aerosol versus 15 mg\/kg\/d of trimethoprim plus 75 mg\/kg\/d of sulfamethoxazole for patients with mild or moderately severe P. carinii pneumonia (alveolar arterial oxygen difference of less than 55 mm Hg). Of 367 participants who were randomized to receive study therapies, 287 had proven and 16 had presumed Pneumocystis pneumonia. There were 29 deaths within 35 d of study initiation: 12 in the aerosolized pentamidine group and 17 in the TMP-SMX groups (log rank p = 0.28). The difference in mortality was 3.4% (95% CI = \u2212 3.5, 10.8%). Ninety-four patients treated with aerosolized pentamidine had to have their study therapy changed because of lack of efficacy, compared with 22 patients treated with TMP-SMX (p = 0.002). In addition PaO2 improved faster in patients treated with TMP-SMX. However, aerosolized pentamidine was discontinued less often than TMP-SMX because of toxicity (9.4 versus 40% p &amp;lt; 0.001). Rash (0.6 versus 14.9%), nausea and vomiting (1.7 versus 12.2%), and abnormalities of liver function tests (1.7 versus 12.2%) were the most common adverse effects necessitating treatment discontinuation. During 6-mo follow-up there was no difference in mortality. Recurrences of P. carinii pneumonia were more frequent in patients treated with aerosolized pentamidine. Although aerosolized pentamidine was better tolerated than TMP-SMX, patients treated with TMP-SMX showed treatment failure, less often showed more rapidly improved oxygenation, and relapsed less often.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/151.4.1068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T17:53:40Z","timestamp":1365098020000},"page":"1068-1074","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pentamidine Aerosol Versus Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for\n                    <i>Pneumocystis Carinii<\/i>\n                    in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"A. 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Department of Me"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"David W.","family":"Feigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego; Department of Medicine University of Southern California; Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Medicine, King's County Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Department of Medicine, St. Mary's Medical Center, Long Beach, California; Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Medicine, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Tulane University and Charity Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Medicine, Queens Medical Center, Jamaica, New York; Department of Medicine, Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Me"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred","family":"Sattler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego; Department of Medicine University of Southern California; Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Medicine, King's County Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Department of Medicine, St. Mary's Medical Center, Long Beach, California; Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Medicine, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Tulane University and Charity Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Medicine, Queens Medical Center, Jamaica, New York; Department of Medicine, Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Me"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory R.","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego; Department of Medicine University of Southern California; Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Medicine, King's County Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Department of Medicine, St. Mary's Medical Center, Long Beach, California; Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Medicine, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Tulane University and Charity Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Medicine, Queens Medical Center, Jamaica, New York; Department of Medicine, Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Me"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Catanzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego; Department of Medicine University of Southern California; Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Medicine, King's County Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Department of Medicine, St. Mary's Medical Center, Long Beach, California; Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Medicine, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Tulane University and Charity Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Medicine, Queens Medical Center, Jamaica, New York; Department of Medicine, Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Me"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Edison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego; Department of Medicine University of Southern California; Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Medicine, King's County Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Department of Medicine, St. Mary's Medical Center, Long Beach, California; Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey; Department of Medicine, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Tulane University and Charity Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Medicine, Queens Medical Center, Jamaica, New York; Department of Medicine, Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Me"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norman","family":"Markowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego; Department of Medicine University of Southern California; Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California; 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