{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T18:09:18Z","timestamp":1776449358608,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,4,1]],"date-time":"1995-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":796694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We hypothesized that therapy with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) would decrease intensity of murine Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by upregulating alveolar macrophage function. Mice were depleted of CD4+ T lymphocytes and then inoculated intratracheally with P. carinii. Four weeks later, they received recombinant murine GM-CSF (rmGM-CSF) 5 \u00b5g\/d subcutaneously for 7 and 14 d. At the end of therapy lung tissue was scored for intensity of P. carinii infection by silver methenamine stain and for inflammation by hematoxylin-eosin stain. We found that rmGM-CSF therapy significant decreased the intensity scores of PCP infection in comparison to control mice (1.88 \u00b1 0.47 vs 3.06 \u00b1 0.12, p &amp;lt; 0.01). Inflammation scores were not significantly different in the rmGM-CSF group compared with the control group (1.83 \u00b1 0.47 vs 2.83 \u00b1 0.67). Alveolar macrophages from mice treated with rmGM-CSF released significantly more tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) than cells from control mice after in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone (2.65 \u00b1 0.30 vs 1.45 \u00b1 0.26 ng\/ml, p = 0.01) or with LPS plus murine recombinant interferon-\u03b3 (4.16 \u00b1 0.51 vs 2.25 \u00b1 0.34 ng\/ml, p = 0.01). We conclude that GM-CSF therapy reduces the intensity of PCP and this effect is associated with an enhanced alveolar macrophage TNF-\u03b1 production.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/151.4.1233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T17:53:40Z","timestamp":1365098020000},"page":"1233-1238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor and\n                    <i>Pneumocystis carinii<\/i>\n                    Pneumonia in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"Jose F.","family":"Mandujano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical Center, and Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nympha B.","family":"D'Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical Center, and Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical Center, and Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Warren R.","family":"Summer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical Center, and Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Beckerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical Center, and Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judd E.","family":"Shellito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical Center, and Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,4,1]]},"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/151\/4\/1233\/67680112\/ajrccm_151_4_1233a.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/151\/4\/1233\/67680112\/ajrccm_151_4_1233a.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T06:01:08Z","timestamp":1774936868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/151\/4\/1233\/8565794"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,4,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm\/151.4.1233","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1995,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,4,1]]}}}