{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T18:39:57Z","timestamp":1788547197432,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]],"date-time":"1998-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":891388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The relationship between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and asthma remains controversial. Asthma symptoms worsen with GER, but are not consistently related to changes in lung function. The purpose of this study was to determine whether acid perfusion (AP) of the esophagus alters ventilation and causes respiratory symptoms. Nonasthmatic patients with normal lung function and esophageal disease (16 females and nine males, FEV1 %predicted = 99 \u00b1 9.6), underwent a Bernstein test after motility testing. Airflow, rib cage (Vrc), and abdominal (Vab) tidal volumes, esophageal (Pes) and gastric (Pga) pressure, and surface (Es) and esophageal (Edi) diaphragm electromyographic (EMG) signals were measured. Throat, swallowing, chest, and stomach discomfort and respiratory sensation were estimated with the Borg scale. Minute ventilation (V\u0307e) increased during AP and declined during recovery with saline perfusion of the esophagus (7.1 \u00b1 1.5 to 8.5 \u00b1 2.4 to 7.3 \u00b1 2.1 L\/min; n = 25; p = 0.0002). Respiratory rate (RR) went from 13.6 \u00b1 2.6 to 15.8 \u00b1 3.4 to 15.3 \u00b1 3.1 breaths\/min (n = 25; p = 0.0002) during AP. V\u0307e was greater in the Bernstein-positive patients during AP. Tidal volume (Vt), Vrc, Vab, Pes, Pga, Es, and Edi did not change during AP. Chest discomfort (D) correlated with ventilation (V\u0307e = 0.7 + 0.8 D; r = 0.67; p &amp;lt; 0.001) and respiratory effort sensation (B) (B = 0.2 + 0.4 V\u0307e; r = 0.70; p &amp;lt; 0.001) during AP. AP did not inhibit diaphragm activity. Increased V\u0307e may explain the paradox of GER worsening respiratory symptoms without changing lung function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.4.9707094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T13:35:05Z","timestamp":1365082505000},"page":"1058-1062","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["The Effects of Acid Perfusion of the Esophagus on Ventilation and Respiratory Sensation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"STEPHEN K.","family":"FIELD","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Foothills Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JOHN A.","family":"EVANS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Foothills Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LORNE M.","family":"PRICE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Foothills Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032709142098300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.2.316","article-title":"Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in asthma.","volume":"109","author":"Field","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032709142098300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90945-W","article-title":"Most asthmatics have GER with or without bronchodilator therapy.","volume":"99","author":"Sontag","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026032709142098300_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.44.1.19","article-title":"Effects of ranitidine treatment on patients with asthma and a history of gastroesophageal reflux: a double blind crossover study.","volume":"44","author":"Ekstrom","year":"1989","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026032709142098300_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.6.1662","article-title":"Difficult-to-control asthma: contributing factors and outcome of a systematic management protocol.","volume":"103","author":"Irwin","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032709142098300_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.5.1186","article-title":"Gastroesophageal reflux disease and asthma: reflux or reflex?","volume":"108","author":"Castell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032709142098300_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.36.2.116","article-title":"Relationship between asthma and gastroesophageal reflux.","volume":"36","author":"Goodall","year":"1981","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026032709142098300_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1986.134.5.986","article-title":"Intraesophageal perfusion of acid increases the bronchomotor response to methacholine and isocapnic hyperventilation in asthmatic subjects.","volume":"134","author":"Herve","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. 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