{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:35:38Z","timestamp":1791254138673,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]],"date-time":"1999-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":917827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Status asthmaticus (SA) is an acute respiratory failure combining an acute bronchospastic reaction with a severe airway inflammation. We previously reported an important influx of neutrophils and an increased secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in patients with SA. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate in bronchial lavage (BL) of patients with SA (n = 9) under mechanical ventilation (MV) the concentrations of cytokines and related mediators which have the ability to modulate inflammation, either proinflammatory (interleukin-1 \u03b2 [IL-1 \u03b2 ], IL-6, tumor necrosis factor- \u03b1 [TNF- \u03b1 ]), or anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-10, transforming growth factor- \u03b2 1 [TGF- \u03b2 1]), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1Ra], soluble TNF receptor I and II [sTNFRI and II]). To determine the relative importance of both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, the net inflammatory activity was analyzed by the capacity of BL fluids (BLF) to increase intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in the human lung A549 epithelial cell line. These data were compared with those obtained from patients who required MV without respiratory disease (V, n = 4), controlled asthma (A, n = 11), and nonsmoking healthy volunteers (C, n = 8). Levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF- \u03b1, and of the active form of TGF- \u03b2 1 were significantly higher in SA compared with the other groups. The concentrations of IL-1Ra, IL-10, the latent form of TGF- \u03b2 1, and of the sTNFRI and II were not significantly different between SA and V, albeit higher in SA than in A and C. The ratio between IL-1Ra and IL-1 \u03b2 was significantly higher in patients with SA compared with the other groups, whereas there was no difference for the ratio between both types of sTNFR and TNF- \u03b1. Despite a marked increase of anti-inflammatory mediators in BL from patients with SA, the net inflammatory activity was found to be proinflammatory and mainly due to the presence of bioactive IL-1 \u03b2 (79% inhibition of ICAM-1 expression with anti-IL-1 \u03b2 antibodies) and to a lesser extent TNF- \u03b1 (32% inhibition with anti-TNF- \u03b1 antibodies).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.2.9805115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T13:53:04Z","timestamp":1365083584000},"page":"487-494","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":196,"title":["Balance between Proinflammatory Cytokines and Their Inhibitors in Bronchial Lavage from Patients with Status Asthmaticus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"ISABELLE","family":"TILLIE-LEBLOND","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 INSERM U 416, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille; Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires, CHRU, Lille; Service de R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Calmette, CHRU, Lille, France; and Division des Soins Intensifs de M\u00e9decine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00c9R\u00d4ME","family":"PUGIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 INSERM U 416, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille; Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires, CHRU, Lille; Service de R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Calmette, CHRU, Lille, France; and Division des Soins Intensifs de M\u00e9decine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHARLES-HUGO","family":"MARQUETTE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 INSERM U 416, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille; Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires, CHRU, Lille; Service de R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Calmette, CHRU, Lille, France; and Division des Soins Intensifs de M\u00e9decine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CATHERINE","family":"LAMBLIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 INSERM U 416, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille; Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires, CHRU, Lille; Service de R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Calmette, CHRU, Lille, France; and Division des Soins Intensifs de M\u00e9decine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FABIENNE","family":"SAULNIER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 INSERM U 416, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille; Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires, CHRU, Lille; Service de R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Calmette, CHRU, Lille, France; and Division des Soins Intensifs de M\u00e9decine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ANNE","family":"BRICHET","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 INSERM U 416, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille; Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires, CHRU, Lille; Service de R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Calmette, CHRU, Lille, France; and Division des Soins Intensifs de M\u00e9decine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BENOIT","family":"WALLAERT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 INSERM U 416, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille; Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires, CHRU, Lille; Service de R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Calmette, CHRU, Lille, France; and Division des Soins Intensifs de M\u00e9decine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ANDR\u00c9-BERNARD","family":"TONNEL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 INSERM U 416, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille; Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires, CHRU, Lille; Service de R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Calmette, CHRU, Lille, France; and Division des Soins Intensifs de M\u00e9decine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PHILIPPE","family":"GOSSET","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 INSERM U 416, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille; Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires, CHRU, Lille; Service de R\u00e9animation, H\u00f4pital Calmette, CHRU, Lille, France; and Division des Soins Intensifs de M\u00e9decine, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032708562198800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.6.1745","article-title":"Bronchial biopsies in asthma.","volume":"140","author":"Jeffery","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. 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