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In both sexes, PM10 showed a strong association with mortality for any mention of nonmalignant respiratory disease on the death certificate, adjusting for a wide range of potentially confounding factors, including occupational and indoor sources of air pollutants. The adjusted relative risk (RR) for this cause of death as associated with an interquartile range (IQR) difference of 43 d\/yr when PM10 exceeded 100 \u03bc g\/m3 was 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02, 1.36). In males, PM10 showed a strong association with lung cancer deaths\u2014RR for an IQR was 2.38 (95% CI: 1.42, 3.97). Ozone showed an even stronger association with lung cancer mortality for males with an RR of 4.19 (95% CI: 1.81, 9.69) for the IQR difference of 551 h\/yr when O3 exceeded 100 parts per billion. Sulfur dioxide showed strong associations with lung cancer mortality for both sexes. Other pollutants showed weak or no association with mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.2.9806020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T13:53:04Z","timestamp":1365083584000},"page":"373-382","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":420,"title":["Long-Term Inhalable Particles and Other Air Pollutants Related to Mortality in Nonsmokers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"DAVID E.","family":"ABBEY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NAOMI","family":"NISHINO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WILLIAM F.","family":"McDONNELL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RAOUL J.","family":"BURCHETTE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SYNN\u00d8VE F.","family":"KNUTSEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"LAWRENCE BEESON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JIE X.","family":"YANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California; and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032708561156900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312093292401","article-title":"An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities.","volume":"329","author":"Dockery","year":"1993","journal-title":"N. 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