{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T14:00:35Z","timestamp":1774620035675,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]],"date-time":"1999-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":922924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It is not known whether asthma constitutes a risk factor for osteoporosis or what the impact is of inhaled corticosteroids on bone mineral density (BMD). The study population (n = 3,222) was a random stratified sample from the Kuopio Osteoporosis Study, which included all women 47 to 56 yr of age residing in Kuopio Province, Eastern Finland. Spinal and femoral BMDs were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The BMD values of 119 asthmatics were cross-sectionally compared with those of 3,103 nonasthmatics. Of the 119 asthmatic women, 28 had not used corticosteroids, 65 had used oral corticosteroids, and 26 had used only inhaled corticosteroids. The asthmatics with no hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (n = 83) had lower mean spinal and femoral BMD value than did the corresponding nonasthmatics (spinal BMD, 1.083 \u00b1 0.150 [SD] versus 1.128 \u00b1 0.160 g\/cm2, p &amp;lt; 0.05; femoral BMD, 0.894 \u00b1 0.112 [SD] versus 0.929 \u00b1 0.128 g\/cm2, p &amp;lt; 0.05). Although BMDs were not significantly decreased in the asthmatics who had used inhaled corticosteroids, the duration of use correlated negatively with spinal BMD and was also associated with spinal BMD in multiple regression analysis. In perimenopausal women, asthma is associated with decreased bone density. This may be due to the corticosteroids rather than to the disease itself. However, HRT appears to be protective against bone loss also in asthmatics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.4.9804084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T13:53:06Z","timestamp":1365083586000},"page":"1179-1185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Bone Mineral Density in Perimenopausal Women with Asthma: A Population-based Cross-sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"159","author":[{"given":"ANNE K.","family":"LAATIKAINEN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, and Research Institute of Public Health, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HEIKKI P. J.","family":"KR\u00d6GER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, and Research Institute of Public Health, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HANNU O.","family":"TUKIAINEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, and Research Institute of Public Health, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"RISTO J.","family":"HONKANEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, and Research Institute of Public Health, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SEPPO V.","family":"SAARIKOSKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Respiratory Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, and Research Institute of Public Health, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032708531939100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503303321307","article-title":"Inhaled glucocorticoids for asthma.","volume":"332","author":"Barnes","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. 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Pharm."},{"key":"2026032708531939100_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198308043090502","article-title":"Steroid-induced fractures and bone loss in patients with asthma.","volume":"309","author":"Adinoff","year":"1983","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2026032708531939100_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.49.7.652","article-title":"Effects of short term and long term treatment with inhaled corticosteroids on bone metabolism in patients with airway obstruction.","volume":"49","author":"Kerstjens","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026032708531939100_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.04040441","article-title":"Intestinal calcium absorption and parathyroid hormone secretion in asthmatic patients on prolonged oral or inhaled steroid treatment.","volume":"4","author":"Luengo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. 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Immunol."},{"key":"2026032708531939100_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(95)70254-7","article-title":"Dose-related decrease in bone density among asthmatic patients treated with inhaled corticosteroids.","volume":"96","author":"Hanania","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026032708531939100_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.6.1722","article-title":"Decreased bone mineral density in premenopausal asthma patients receiving long-term inhaled steroids.","volume":"105","author":"Ip","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032708531939100_B13","first-page":"342s","article-title":"Long-term effect of oral and inhaled glucocorticoids on bone mass in chronic asthma: a two year follow-up study.","volume":"4","author":"Luengo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. 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