{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:26:57Z","timestamp":1791188817376,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]],"date-time":"2000-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":957139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A 1-d point-prevalence study was performed with the aim of describing the characteristics of conventional mechanical ventilation in intensive care units ICUs from North America, South America, Spain, and Portugal. The study involved 412 medical-surgical ICUs and 1,638 patients receiving mechanical ventilation at the moment of the study. The main outcome measures were characterization of the indications for initiation of mechanical ventilation, the artificial airways used to deliver mechanical ventilation, the ventilator modes and settings, and the methods of weaning. The median age of the study patients was 61 yr, and the median duration of mechanical ventilation at the time of the study was 7 d. Common indications for the initiation of mechanical ventilation included acute respiratory failure (66%), acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (13%), coma (10%), and neuromuscular disorders (10%). Mechanical ventilation was delivered via an endotracheal tube in 75% of patients, a tracheostomy in 24%, and a facial mask in 1%. Ventilator modes consisted of assist\/control ventilation in 47% of patients and 46% were ventilated with synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, pressure support, or the combination of both. The median tidal volume setting was 9 ml\/kg in patients receiving assist\/control and the median setting of pressure support was 18 cm H2O. Positive end-expiratory pressure was not employed in 31% of patients. Method of weaning varied considerably from country to country, and even within a country several methods were in use. We conclude that the primary indications for mechanical ventilation and the ventilator settings were remarkably similar across countries, but the selection of modes of mechanical ventilation and methods of weaning varied considerably from country to country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.5.9902018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T14:16:55Z","timestamp":1365085015000},"page":"1450-1458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":623,"title":["How Is Mechanical Ventilation Employed in the Intensive Care Unit?: An International Utilization Review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"ANDR\u00c9S","family":"ESTEBAN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Hospital Profesor Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cl\u00ednica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, R\u00edo de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias y Cirug\u00eda Tor\u00e1cica, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola Primera de Socorros Mutuos, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital da Universidade, Coimbra, Portugal; F.L.E.N.I., Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Loyola University, Chicago; and Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ANTONIO","family":"ANZUETO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Hospital Profesor Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cl\u00ednica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, R\u00edo de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias y Cirug\u00eda Tor\u00e1cica, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola Primera de Socorros Mutuos, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital da Universidade, Coimbra, Portugal; F.L.E.N.I., Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Loyola University, Chicago; and Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"INMACULADA","family":"AL\u00cdA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Hospital Profesor Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cl\u00ednica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, R\u00edo de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias y Cirug\u00eda Tor\u00e1cica, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola Primera de Socorros Mutuos, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital da Universidade, Coimbra, Portugal; F.L.E.N.I., Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Loyola University, Chicago; and Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FEDERICO","family":"GORDO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Hospital Profesor Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cl\u00ednica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, R\u00edo de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias y Cirug\u00eda Tor\u00e1cica, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola Primera de Socorros Mutuos, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital da Universidade, Coimbra, Portugal; F.L.E.N.I., Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Loyola University, Chicago; and Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CARLOS","family":"APEZTEGU\u00cdA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Hospital Profesor Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cl\u00ednica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, R\u00edo de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias y Cirug\u00eda Tor\u00e1cica, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola Primera de Socorros Mutuos, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital da Universidade, Coimbra, Portugal; F.L.E.N.I., Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Loyola University, Chicago; and Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FERNANDO","family":"P\u00c1LIZAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Hospital Profesor Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cl\u00ednica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, R\u00edo de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias y Cirug\u00eda Tor\u00e1cica, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola Primera de Socorros Mutuos, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital da Universidade, Coimbra, Portugal; F.L.E.N.I., Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Loyola University, Chicago; and Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DAVID","family":"CIDE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Hospital Profesor Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cl\u00ednica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, R\u00edo de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias y Cirug\u00eda Tor\u00e1cica, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola Primera de Socorros Mutuos, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital da Universidade, Coimbra, Portugal; F.L.E.N.I., Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Loyola University, Chicago; and Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ROSANNE","family":"GOLDWASER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Hospital Profesor Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cl\u00ednica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, R\u00edo de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias y Cirug\u00eda Tor\u00e1cica, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola Primera de Socorros Mutuos, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital da Universidade, Coimbra, Portugal; F.L.E.N.I., Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Loyola University, Chicago; and Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LUIS","family":"SOTO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Hospital Profesor Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cl\u00ednica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, R\u00edo de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias y Cirug\u00eda Tor\u00e1cica, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola Primera de Socorros Mutuos, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital da Universidade, Coimbra, Portugal; F.L.E.N.I., Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Loyola University, Chicago; and Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GUILLERMO","family":"BUGEDO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Hospital Profesor Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cl\u00ednica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, R\u00edo de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias y Cirug\u00eda Tor\u00e1cica, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola Primera de Socorros Mutuos, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital da Universidade, Coimbra, Portugal; F.L.E.N.I., Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Loyola University, Chicago; and Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CARLOS","family":"RODRIGO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Hospital Profesor Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cl\u00ednica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, R\u00edo de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias y Cirug\u00eda Tor\u00e1cica, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola Primera de Socorros Mutuos, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital da Universidade, Coimbra, Portugal; F.L.E.N.I., Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Loyola University, Chicago; and Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JORGE","family":"PIMENTEL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain; University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; Hospital Profesor Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cl\u00ednica Bazterrica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, R\u00edo de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias y Cirug\u00eda Tor\u00e1cica, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Asociaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola Primera de Socorros Mutuos, Montevideo, Uruguay; Hospital da Universidade, Coimbra, Portugal; 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