{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:37:48Z","timestamp":1789425468939,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]],"date-time":"2000-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":959817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Allergic rhinitis and asthma often coexist and share a genetic background. Pathophysiologic connections between the nose and lungs are still not entirely understood. This study was undertaken to compare allergic inflammation and clinical findings in the upper and lower airways after segmental bronchial provocation (SBP) in nonasthmatic allergic rhinitis patients. Eight nonasthmatic, grass pollen-sensitive patients with allergic rhinitis and eight healthy controls were included. Bronchial biopsies and blood samples were taken before (T0) and 24 h (T24) after SBP. Nasal biopsies were obtained at T0, 1 h after SBP (T1), and T24. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for eosinophils (BMK13), interleukin (IL)-5, and eotaxin. The number of eosinophils increased in the challenged and unchallenged bronchial mucosa (p &amp;lt; 0.05) and in the blood (p = 0.03) of atopic subjects at T24. We detected an increase of BMK13-positive and eotaxin-positive cells in the nasal lamina propria and enhanced expression of IL-5 in the nasal epithelium of atopic subjects only at T24 (p &amp;lt; 0.05). SBP induced nasal and bronchial symptoms as well as reductions in pulmonary and nasal function in the allergic group. No significant changes could be observed in healthy controls. The study shows that SBP in nonasthmatic allergic rhinitis patients results in peripheral blood eosinophilia, and that SBP can induce allergic inflammation in the nose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.6.9906121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T14:15:05Z","timestamp":1365084905000},"page":"2051-2057","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":320,"title":["Segmental Bronchial Provocation Induces Nasal Inflammation in Allergic Rhinitis Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"GERT-JAN","family":"BRAUNSTAHL","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pulmonary Medicine and Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ALEX","family":"KLEINJAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pulmonary Medicine and Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SHELLEY E.","family":"OVERBEEK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pulmonary Medicine and Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JAN-BAS","family":"PRINS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pulmonary Medicine and Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HENK C.","family":"HOOGSTEDEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pulmonary Medicine and Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WYTSKE J.","family":"FOKKENS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pulmonary Medicine and Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032708421602500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07302-9","article-title":"Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema.","volume":"351","author":"The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(91)90152-L","article-title":"Biochemistry of asthma.","volume":"16","author":"Barnes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1159\/000237289","article-title":"Pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis.","volume":"110","author":"Bousquet","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(96)70150-1","article-title":"Once daily intranasal fluticasone propionate (200 micrograms) reduces nasal symptoms and inflammation but also attenuates the increase in bronchial responsiveness during the pollen season in allergic rhinitis.","volume":"98","author":"Foresi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(92)90079-H","article-title":"Nasal beclomethasone prevents the seasonal increase in bronchial responsiveness in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma.","volume":"90","author":"Corren","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199010113231505","article-title":"Eosinophilic inflammation in asthma.","volume":"323","author":"Bousquet","year":"1990","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(92)90444-7","article-title":"Immunohistology of the nasal mucosa in seasonal allergic rhinitis: increases in activated eosinophils and epithelial mast cells.","volume":"89","author":"Bentley","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(91)90160-P","article-title":"Eosinophils, T-lymphocytes, mast cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in bronchial biopsy specimens from atopic subjects with asthma: comparison with biopsy specimens from atopic subjects without asthma and normal control subjects and relationship to bronchial hyperresponsiveness.","volume":"88","author":"Bradley","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.2.9801022","article-title":"Comparison between nasal and bronchial inflammation in asthmatic and control subjects.","volume":"159","author":"Chanez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70195-7","article-title":"Eosinophils, mast cells, and basophils in induced sputum from patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and perennial asthma: relationship to methacholine responsiveness.","volume":"100","author":"Foresi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.6.1274","article-title":"Immediate and late airway response of allergic rhinitis patients to segmental antigen challenge: characterization of eosinophil and mast cell mediators.","volume":"144","author":"Sedgwick","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3710","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.149.11.3710","article-title":"Comparison of airway and blood eosinophil function after in vivo antigen challenge.","volume":"149","author":"Sedgwick","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.05050538","article-title":"Bronchial mucosal manifestations of atopy: a comparison of markers of inflammation between atopic asthmatics, atopic nonasthmatics and healthy controls.","volume":"5","author":"Djukanovic","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(97)70127-1","article-title":"Allergic rhinitis and asthma: how important is the link?","volume":"99","author":"Corren","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.87.1.32S","article-title":"Advances in the use of inhalation provocation tests in clinical evaluation.","volume":"87","author":"Hargreave","year":"1985","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.2.9705007","article-title":"Allergen-induced proliferation and interleukin-5 production by bronchoalveolar lavage and blood T cells after segmental allergen challenge.","volume":"158","author":"Till","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B17","first-page":"293","article-title":"A biopsy method to obtain high quality specimens of nasal mucosa.","volume":"26","author":"Fokkens","year":"1988","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(96)80158-8","article-title":"Dynamics of nasal eosinophils in response to a nonnatural allergen challenge in patients with allergic rhinitis and control subjects: a biopsy and brush study.","volume":"97","author":"Godthelp","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00571.x","article-title":"Increased numbers of dendritic cells in the bronchial mucosa of atopic asthmatic patients: downregulation by inhaled corticosteroids.","volume":"26","author":"M\u00f6ller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(94)90252-6","article-title":"Blood and bronchoalveolar eosinophils in allergic subjects after segmental antigen challenge: surface phenotype, density heterogeneity, and prostanoid production.","volume":"93","author":"Kroegel","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.3.9705020","article-title":"Investigative use of bronchoscopy in asthma.","volume":"157","author":"Jarjour","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(98)70277-5","article-title":"Nasal eosinophilia and IL-5 mRNA expression in seasonal allergic rhinitis induced by natural allergen exposure: effect of topical corticosteroids.","volume":"102","author":"Masuyama","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.3.580","article-title":"Changes in airway resistance following nasal provocation.","volume":"141","author":"Littell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.62.5.620","article-title":"Role of the monocyte chemoattractant protein and eotaxin subfamily of chemokines in allergic inflammation.","volume":"62","author":"Luster","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6273","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.11.6273","article-title":"Eotaxin is required for the baseline level of tissue eosinophils.","volume":"95","author":"Matthews","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(98)70056-9","article-title":"A murine model of allergic rhinitis: studies on the role of IgE in pathogenesis and analysis of the eosinophil influx elicited by allergen and eotaxin.","volume":"102","author":"van de Rijn","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(93)90085-T","article-title":"Eosinophil survival activity identified as interleukin-5 is associated with eosinophil recruitment and degranulation and lung injury twenty-four hours after segmental antigen lung challenge.","volume":"92","author":"Ohnishi","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.5.9154851","article-title":"The immediate and late allergic response to segmental bronchopulmonary provocation in asthma.","volume":"155","author":"Jarjour","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.2.500","article-title":"Identification of T lymphocytes, macrophages, and activated eosinophils in the bronchial mucosa in intrinsic asthma: relationship to symptoms and bronchial responsiveness.","volume":"146","author":"Bentley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.3.729","article-title":"Nasal mucosal response to repeated challenges with pollen allergen.","volume":"140","author":"Pipkorn","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(88)90143-1","article-title":"The cellular response of the human allergic mucosa to natural allergen exposure.","volume":"82","author":"Pipkorn","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunology"},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(05)80201-5","article-title":"Allergen-induced increase in nonspecific nasal reactivity is blocked by anthistamines without a clear-cut relationship to eosinophil influx.","volume":"86","author":"Klementsson","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1990.tb03147.x","article-title":"Changes in non-specific nasal reactivity and eosinophil influx and activation after allergen challenge.","volume":"20","author":"Klementsson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"2026032708421602500_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000237433","article-title":"Differences in nonspecific bronchial responsiveness between patients with asthma and patients with rhinitis are not explained by type and degree of inhalant allergy.","volume":"112","author":"Witteman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/161\/6\/2051\/67425307\/ajrccm_161_6_2051.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/161\/6\/2051\/67425307\/ajrccm_161_6_2051.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:42:27Z","timestamp":1774615347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/161\/6\/2051\/8528643"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.161.6.9906121","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]}}}