{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:16:49Z","timestamp":1791256609217,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]],"date-time":"2000-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":962409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the intrapleural injection of transforming growth factor \u03b22 (TGF- \u03b22) would produce a pleurodesis in rabbits. Single intrapleural injections of TGF- \u03b22 at doses of 5.00 \u03bc g (n = 12), 1.67 \u03bc g (n = 10), 0.50 \u03bc g (n = 10), or 0.167 \u03bc g (n = 4), or of the parenteral buffer alone (n = 5) were given in a volume of 2 ml to New Zealand white rabbits. Chest tubes were left in place for at least 72 h. Pleural fluid was aspirated at 24-h intervals and was measured and subjected to chemical analysis. The animals were killed 14 d after the injection. The intrapleural injection of TGF- \u03b22 resulted in a dose-dependent pleurodesis (on a scale of 0 to 4, where 0 = no pleurodesis and 4 = complete pleurodesis) with mean scores of 3.6, 2.6, 1.5, 0.7, and 0.3 for the groups that received 5.0, 1.67, 0.50, and 0.167 \u03bc g of TGF- \u03b22 and buffer alone, respectively. Intrapleural injection of the larger doses of TGF- \u03b22 resulted in the formation of a large amount of pleural fluid. The fluid had a significantly lower white blood cell (WBC) count and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level than did the fluid that results from the intrapleural injection of 10 mg\/kg doxycycline or 400 mg\/kg talc slurry. On the basis of this study we conclude that a single intrapleural injection of TGF- \u03b22 induces pleurodesis in a dose-dependent manner. A dose of 5.0 \u03bc g produced satisfactory pleurodesis in almost all of the rabbits so treated. Larger doses of TGF- \u03b22 induced larger pleural effusions with relatively low pleural fluid WBC counts and LDH levels. The ability of TGF- \u03b2 to produce a pleurodesis in patients with recurrent pleural effusions or pneumothorax should be investigated. A single intrapleural injection of TGF- \u03b22 may produce a pleurodesis both safely and painlessly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.1.9909106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T14:17:08Z","timestamp":1365085028000},"page":"98-104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["A Single Intrapleural Injection of Transforming Growth Factor- \u03b22 Produces an Excellent Pleurodesis in Rabbits"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"RICHARD W.","family":"LIGHT","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Saint Thomas Hospital, and Center for Lung Research and Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DONG-SHENG","family":"CHENG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Saint Thomas Hospital, and Center for Lung Research and Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y. C.(GARY)","family":"LEE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Saint Thomas Hospital, and Center for Lung Research and Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JEFFREY","family":"ROGERS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Saint Thomas Hospital, and Center for Lung Research and Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JEFFREY","family":"DAVIDSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Saint Thomas Hospital, and Center for Lung Research and Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KIRK B.","family":"LANE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Saint Thomas Hospital, and Center for Lung Research and Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032708262597500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-1-199401010-00010","article-title":"Chemical pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions.","volume":"120","author":"Walker-Renard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. 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