{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:27:38Z","timestamp":1789100858933,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]],"date-time":"2000-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":965088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study to evaluate the microbiological efficacy and safety of inhaled tobramycin for treatment of patients with bronchiectasis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either tobramycin solution for inhalation (TSI) (n = 37) or placebo (n = 37), which was self-administered twice daily for 4 wk and followed by 2-wk off-drug. At Week 4, the TSI group had a mean decrease in P. aeruginosa density of 4.54 log10 colony-forming units (cfu)\/g sputum compared with no change in the placebo group (p &amp;lt; 0.01). At Week 6, P. aeruginosa was eradicated in 35% of TSI patients but was detected in all placebo patients. Investigators indicated that 62% of TSI patients showed an improved medical condition compared with 38% of placebo patients (odds ratio = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1 to 6.9). Tobramycin-resistant P. aeruginosa strains developed in 11% of TSI patients and 3% of placebo patients (p = 0.36). The mean percent change in FEV1 percent predicted from Week 0 to Week 4 was similar for the TSI and placebo groups (p = 0.41). More TSI-treated patients than placebo patients reported increased cough, dyspnea, wheezing, and noncardiac chest pain, but the symptoms did not limit therapy. Additional study is warranted to further evaluate TSI in bronchiectasis patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.2.9910086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T14:23:08Z","timestamp":1365085388000},"page":"481-485","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":299,"title":["Tobramycin Solution for Inhalation Reduces Sputum\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n                    Density in Bronchiectasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"ALAN F.","family":"BARKER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Pulmonary Division, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Associates, Phoenix, Arizona; Pulmonary Division, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Pulmonary Division, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Pulmonary Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Pulmonary Consultants of Orange County, Orange, California; and PathoGenesis Corporation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LESLIE","family":"COUCH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Pulmonary Division, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Associates, Phoenix, Arizona; Pulmonary Division, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Pulmonary Division, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Pulmonary Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Pulmonary Consultants of Orange County, Orange, California; and PathoGenesis Corporation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"STANLEY B.","family":"FIEL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Pulmonary Division, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Associates, Phoenix, Arizona; Pulmonary Division, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Pulmonary Division, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Pulmonary Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Pulmonary Consultants of Orange County, Orange, California; and PathoGenesis Corporation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MARK H.","family":"GOTFRIED","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Pulmonary Division, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Associates, Phoenix, Arizona; Pulmonary Division, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Pulmonary Division, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Pulmonary Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Pulmonary Consultants of Orange County, Orange, California; and PathoGenesis Corporation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JONATHAN","family":"ILOWITE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Pulmonary Division, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Associates, Phoenix, Arizona; Pulmonary Division, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Pulmonary Division, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Pulmonary Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Pulmonary Consultants of Orange County, Orange, California; and PathoGenesis Corporation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KEITH C.","family":"MEYER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Pulmonary Division, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Associates, Phoenix, Arizona; Pulmonary Division, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Pulmonary Division, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Pulmonary Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Pulmonary Consultants of Orange County, Orange, California; and PathoGenesis Corporation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ANNE","family":"O'DONNELL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Pulmonary Division, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Associates, Phoenix, Arizona; Pulmonary Division, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Pulmonary Division, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Pulmonary Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Pulmonary Consultants of Orange County, Orange, California; and PathoGenesis Corporation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"STEVEN A.","family":"SAHN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Pulmonary Division, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Associates, Phoenix, Arizona; Pulmonary Division, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Pulmonary Division, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Pulmonary Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Pulmonary Consultants of Orange County, Orange, California; and PathoGenesis Corporation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LEWIS J.","family":"SMITH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Pulmonary Division, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Associates, Phoenix, Arizona; Pulmonary Division, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Pulmonary Division, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Pulmonary Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Pulmonary Consultants of Orange County, Orange, California; and PathoGenesis Corporation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JACK O.","family":"STEWART","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Pulmonary Division, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Associates, Phoenix, Arizona; Pulmonary Division, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Pulmonary Division, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Pulmonary Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Pulmonary Consultants of Orange County, Orange, California; and PathoGenesis Corporation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TAMMY","family":"ABUAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Pulmonary Division, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Associates, Phoenix, Arizona; Pulmonary Division, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Pulmonary Division, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Pulmonary Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Pulmonary Consultants of Orange County, Orange, California; and PathoGenesis Corporation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HEATHER","family":"TULLY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Pulmonary Division, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Associates, Phoenix, Arizona; Pulmonary Division, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Pulmonary Division, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Pulmonary Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Pulmonary Consultants of Orange County, Orange, California; and PathoGenesis Corporation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JILL","family":"VAN DALFSEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Pulmonary Division, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Associates, Phoenix, Arizona; Pulmonary Division, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Pulmonary Division, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Pulmonary Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Pulmonary Consultants of Orange County, Orange, California; and PathoGenesis Corporation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHARLES D.","family":"WELLS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Pulmonary Division, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Associates, Phoenix, Arizona; Pulmonary Division, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Pulmonary Division, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Pulmonary Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Pulmonary Consultants of Orange County, Orange, California; and PathoGenesis Corporation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JOANNE","family":"QUAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon; Pulmonary Division, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, MCP Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Associates, Phoenix, Arizona; Pulmonary Division, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York; Pulmonary Division, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Pulmonary Division, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Pulmonary Consultants of Orange County, Orange, California; and PathoGenesis Corporation, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032708230477800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/137.4.969","article-title":"Bronchiectasis update of an orphan disease.","volume":"137","author":"Barker","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B2","first-page":"31","article-title":"Bronchiectasis.","volume":"9","author":"Nicotra","year":"1994","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Infect."},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B3"},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.4.955","article-title":"Clinical, pathophysiologic, and microbiologic characterization of bronchiectasis in an aging cohort.","volume":"108","author":"Nicotra","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1159\/000239435","article-title":"Comparison of oral ciprofloxacin and amoxycillin in treating infective exacerbations of bronchiectasis in Hong Kong.","volume":"42","author":"Chan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10081754","article-title":"Effect of sputum bacteriology on the quality of life of patients with bronchiectasis.","volume":"10","author":"Wilson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09081601","article-title":"Lung function in bronchiectasis: the influence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","volume":"9","author":"Evans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.52.3.260","article-title":"Effects of airway infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a computed tomographic study.","volume":"52","author":"Miszkiel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.41.7.559","article-title":"Short term response of patients with bronchiectasis to treatment with amoxycillin given in standard or high doses orally or by inhalation.","volume":"41","author":"Hill","year":"1986","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/34.1.149","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of long-term ciprofloxacin in the management of severe bronchiectasis.","volume":"34","author":"Rayner","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B11","first-page":"158","article-title":"Delivery of topical antibiotics: pharmacokinetics and clinical problems.","volume":"6","author":"Ilowite","year":"1991","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Infect."},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.6.9196111","article-title":"Inhaled gentamicin reduces airway neutrophil activity and mucus secretion in bronchiectasis.","volume":"155","author":"Lin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950070413","article-title":"Safety of aerosol tobramycin administration for 3 months to patients with cystic fibrosis.","volume":"7","author":"Smith","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199306173282403","article-title":"Efficacy of aerosolized tobramycin in patients with cystic fibrosis.","volume":"328","author":"Ramsey","year":"1993","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950070110","article-title":"Long-term effects of inhaled tobramycin in patients with cystic fibrosis colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","volume":"7","author":"MacLusky","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950060207","article-title":"Long-term tobramycin aerosol therapy in cystic fibrosis.","volume":"6","author":"Steinkamp","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatr. Pulmonol."},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901073400104","article-title":"Intermittent administration of inhaled tobramycin in patients with cystic fibrosis.","volume":"340","author":"Ramsey","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.5.1329","article-title":"Treatment of idiopathic bronchiectasis with aerosolized recombinant human DNase 1.","volume":"113","author":"O'Donnell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B19","first-page":"1107","article-title":"Standardization of spirometry.","volume":"152","author":"American Thoracic Society","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1086\/514631","article-title":"Microbiology of sputum from patients at cystic fibrosis centers in the United States.","volume":"27","author":"Burns","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B21","first-page":"725","article-title":"Changes in the normal maximal expiratory flow\u2013volume curve with growth and aging.","volume":"127","author":"Knudson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B22"},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B23"},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(99)90090-2","article-title":"Inhaled antibiotic therapy in non-cystic fibrosis patients with bronchiectasis and chronic bronchial infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","volume":"93","author":"Orriols","year":"1999","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.99.13236199","article-title":"A pilot study of low-dose erythromycin in bronchiectasis.","volume":"13","author":"Tsang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"2026032708230477800_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.4.1.35","article-title":"Microbiology of airway disease in patients with cystic fibrosis.","volume":"4","author":"Gilligan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/162\/2\/481\/67533381\/ajrccm_162_2_481.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/162\/2\/481\/67533381\/ajrccm_162_2_481.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:23:11Z","timestamp":1774614191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/162\/2\/481\/8540730"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.162.2.9910086","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]]}}}