{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:27:58Z","timestamp":1790821678837,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]],"date-time":"2000-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":967766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Phrenic nerve stimulation can reproduce during wakefulness the dissociation between upper airway and inspiratory muscles that is associated with obstructive sleep-related breathing disorders. This could provide a useful management tool in the study of passive upper airway (UA) dynamics during wakefulness in patients with the obstructive sleep apnea\u2013hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). To assess the feasibility of the technique in this setting, we studied the dynamics of diaphragm twitch-associated inspiratory flow in eight patients with OSAHS. Cervical magnetic stimulation (CMS) and bilateral anterior magnetic phrenic stimulation (BAMPS) were applied at end-expiration during exclusive nasal breathing. Electrical phrenic nerve stimulation (ES) proved not feasible. The driving pressure and the respiratory resistance at peak twitch esophageal pressure obtained at maximal stimulation intensity were significantly higher with BAMPS than with CMS. A twitch-flow limitation pattern was observed in seven of eight subjects; Vimax values of flow-limited twitches obtained at 100% stimulation intensity was 0.81 \u00b1 0.5 L\/s with BAMPS and 0.87 \u00b1 0.5 L\/s with CMS (p = 0.4). The number of flow-limited BAMPS twitches dropped from an average 77.5% to 18.4% with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) levels corresponding to the patient's home treatment. We conclude that (1) BAMPS is potentially a useful tool to evaluate the dynamics of flow through the passive UA in awake OSAHS patients, (2) BAMPS may be superior to CMS in evaluating UA properties in OSAHS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.3.9906135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T14:23:40Z","timestamp":1365085420000},"page":"795-800","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Assessment of Upper Airway Dynamics in Awake Patients with Sleep Apnea Using Phrenic Nerve Stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"FR\u00c9D\u00c9RIC","family":"S\u00c9RI\u00c8S","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l'H\u00f4pital Laval, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de l'Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada; and Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Respiratoire et Service Central d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Service de Pneumologie, Groupe hospitalier Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00e9tri\u00e8re, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, & UPRES EA 2397, Universit\u00e9 Paris VI, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHRISTIAN","family":"STRAUS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l'H\u00f4pital Laval, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de l'Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada; and Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Respiratoire et Service Central d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Service de Pneumologie, Groupe hospitalier Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00e9tri\u00e8re, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, & UPRES EA 2397, Universit\u00e9 Paris VI, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ALEXANDRE","family":"DEMOULE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l'H\u00f4pital Laval, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de l'Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada; and Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Respiratoire et Service Central d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Service de Pneumologie, Groupe hospitalier Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00e9tri\u00e8re, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, & UPRES EA 2397, Universit\u00e9 Paris VI, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"VAL\u00c9RIE","family":"ATTALI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l'H\u00f4pital Laval, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de l'Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada; and Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Respiratoire et Service Central d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Service de Pneumologie, Groupe hospitalier Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00e9tri\u00e8re, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, & UPRES EA 2397, Universit\u00e9 Paris VI, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ISABELLE","family":"ARNULF","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l'H\u00f4pital Laval, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de l'Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada; and Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Respiratoire et Service Central d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Service de Pneumologie, Groupe hospitalier Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00e9tri\u00e8re, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, & UPRES EA 2397, Universit\u00e9 Paris VI, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JEAN-PHILIPPE","family":"DERENNE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l'H\u00f4pital Laval, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de l'Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada; and Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Respiratoire et Service Central d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Service de Pneumologie, Groupe hospitalier Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00e9tri\u00e8re, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, & UPRES EA 2397, Universit\u00e9 Paris VI, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"THOMAS","family":"SIMILOWSKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l'H\u00f4pital Laval, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de l'Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada; and Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Respiratoire et Service Central d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Respiratoires, Service de Pneumologie, Groupe hospitalier Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00e9tri\u00e8re, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, & UPRES EA 2397, Universit\u00e9 Paris VI, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032708283904100_B1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Quality of life years added by treatnent of obstructive sleep apnea.","volume":"17","author":"Toussignant","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026032708283904100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.94.1.9","article-title":"Mortality and apnea index in obstructive sleep apnea: experience in 385 male patients.","volume":"94","author":"He","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032708283904100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.45.10.722","article-title":"Pharyngeal shape and dimensions in healthy subjects, snorers, and patients with obstructive sleep apnea.","volume":"45","author":"Rodenstein","year":"1990","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026032708283904100_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(89)90084-4","article-title":"Effect of hypercapnia on upper airway resistance and collapsibility in anesthetized dogs.","volume":"75","author":"Oliven","year":"1989","journal-title":"Respir. 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