{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T06:21:48Z","timestamp":1778566908846,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]],"date-time":"2000-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":973036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label study of isoniazid-preventive therapy (IPT) for latent tuberculosis infection, illegal immigrants from countries where tuberculosis is highly endemic were enrolled at two clinical sites in Northern Italy. Of 208 eligible subjects, 82 received supervised IPT at a dose of 900 mg twice weekly for 6 mo (Regimen A), 73 received unsupervised IPT 900 mg twice weekly for 6 mo (Regimen B), and 53 received unsupervised IPT 300 mg daily for 6 mo (Regimen C). Supervised IPT was delivered at either one tuberculosis clinic or one migrant clinic. The probability of completing a 26-wk regimen was 7, 26, and 41% in Regimens A, B, and C, respectively (p &amp;lt; 0.005, Log- rank test calculated using Kaplan-Meier plots). The mean time to dropout was 3.8, 6, and 6.2 wk in Regimens A, B, and C, respectively (p = 0.003 for regimen A versus either Regimens B or C). Treatment was stopped in five subjects (2.4%) because of adverse events. The rate of completion of preventive therapy for latent tuberculosis infection among illegal immigrants was low. Supervised, clinic-based administration of IPT significantly reduced adherence. Alternative strategies to implement preventive therapy in illegal immigrants are clearly required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.5.9912062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T14:25:08Z","timestamp":1365085508000},"page":"1653-1655","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Supervised Preventive Therapy for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Illegal Immigrants in Italy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"ALBERTO","family":"MATTEELLI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, and District Health Department, Brescia, Italy; Communicable Disease Cluster, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland; and Tuberculosis Clinic, District Health Department, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CATERINA","family":"CASALINI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, and District Health Department, Brescia, Italy; Communicable Disease Cluster, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland; and Tuberculosis Clinic, District Health Department, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MARIO C.","family":"RAVIGLIONE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, and District Health Department, Brescia, Italy; Communicable Disease Cluster, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland; and Tuberculosis Clinic, District Health Department, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ISSA","family":"EL-HAMAD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, and District Health Department, Brescia, Italy; Communicable Disease Cluster, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland; and Tuberculosis Clinic, District Health Department, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CARLA","family":"SCOLARI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, and District Health Department, Brescia, Italy; Communicable Disease Cluster, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland; and Tuberculosis Clinic, District Health Department, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ENRICO","family":"BOMBANA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, and District Health Department, Brescia, Italy; Communicable Disease Cluster, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland; and Tuberculosis Clinic, District Health Department, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MASSIMILIANO","family":"BUGIANI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, and District Health Department, Brescia, Italy; Communicable Disease Cluster, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland; and Tuberculosis Clinic, District Health Department, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MARIA","family":"CAPUTO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, and District Health Department, Brescia, Italy; Communicable Disease Cluster, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland; and Tuberculosis Clinic, District Health Department, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CARMELO","family":"SCARCELLA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, and District Health Department, Brescia, Italy; Communicable Disease Cluster, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland; and Tuberculosis Clinic, District Health Department, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GIAMPIERO","family":"CAROSI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, and District Health Department, Brescia, Italy; Communicable Disease Cluster, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland; and Tuberculosis Clinic, District Health Department, Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032708325255300_B1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Secular trends of tuberculosis in Western Europe.","volume":"71","author":"Raviglione","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2026032708325255300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.7.1059","article-title":"The fall after the rise: tuberculosis in the United States, 1991 through 1994.","volume":"88","author":"McKenna","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2026032708325255300_B3"},{"key":"2026032708325255300_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.94.07081545","article-title":"Tuberculosis control and international migration in Europe.","volume":"7","author":"Rieder","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026032708325255300_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550040060038","article-title":"Long term risk of tuberculosis among foreign-born persons in the United States.","volume":"278","author":"Zuber","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026032708325255300_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199504203321606","article-title":"The epidemiology of tuberculosis among foreign born persons in the United States, 1986 to 1993.","volume":"332","author":"McKenna","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026032708325255300_B7","first-page":"28","article-title":"Controlled chemoprophylaxis trials in tuberculosis: a general review.","volume":"17","author":"Ferebee","year":"1970","journal-title":"Adv Tuberc Res"},{"key":"2026032708325255300_B8","first-page":"555","article-title":"Efficacy of various durations of isoniazid preventive therapy for tuberculosis: five years of follow-up of the IUAT trial.","volume":"60","author":"Thompson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2026032708325255300_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199507273330406","article-title":"Tuberculosis in New York City: turning the tide.","volume":"333","author":"Frieden","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026032708325255300_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199404283301702","article-title":"The effect of directly observed therapy on the rates of drug resistance and relapse in tuberculosis.","volume":"330","author":"Weis","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026032708325255300_B11"},{"key":"2026032708325255300_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.5.8173779","article-title":"Treatment of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children.","volume":"149","author":"Bass","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032708325255300_B13"},{"key":"2026032708325255300_B14","first-page":"208","article-title":"Acceptance of isoniazid preventive treatment by close contacts of tuberculosis cases: a 692-subject italian study.","volume":"2","author":"Codecasa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026032708325255300_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.7.753","article-title":"Tuberculosis among immigrants and refugees.","volume":"158","author":"DeRiemer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026032708325255300_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.1.57","article-title":"Results of directly observed intermittent isoniazid preventive therapy program in a shelter for homeless men.","volume":"146","author":"Nazart-Stewart","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032708325255300_B17","first-page":"979","article-title":"Acceptance and safety of directly observed versus self-administered isoniazid preventive therapy in aboriginal peoples in British Columbia.","volume":"2","author":"Heal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026032708325255300_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)06532-X","article-title":"Randomised trial of isoniazid versus rifampicin and pyrazynamide for prevention of tuberculosis in HIV-1 infection.","volume":"351","author":"Halsey","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026032708325255300_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.5.96-12078","article-title":"Geographic diversity in tuberculosis trends and directly observed therapy, New York City, 1991\u20131994.","volume":"156","author":"Davidow","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/162\/5\/1653\/67543079\/ajrccm_162_5_1653.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/162\/5\/1653\/67543079\/ajrccm_162_5_1653.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:32:59Z","timestamp":1774614779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/162\/5\/1653\/8540981"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.162.5.9912062","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2000,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,1]]}}}