{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:57:24Z","timestamp":1791849444088,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]],"date-time":"2000-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":975628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Many patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) do not produce sputum spontaneously or are smear-negative for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). We prospectively compared the yield of sputum induction (SI) and fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for the diagnosis of PTB in a region with a high prevalence of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Fifty seven percent (143 of 251) of patients had diagnoses of PTB, of whom 17% (25 of 143) were HIV seropositive. There were no significant differences in the yields of AFB smears or cultures whether obtained via SI or BAL. Among 207 HIV-seronegative patients, the AFB smear and mycobacterial culture results from specimens obtained by SI and BAL were in agreement in 97% (202 of 207) (kappa test = 0.92) and 90% (186 of 207) (kappa test = 0.78), respectively. Among HIV-seropositive patients the agreements between AFB smear and culture results for SI and BAL specimens were 98% (43 of 44) (kappa test = 0.93) and 86% (38 of 44) (kappa test = 0.69), respectively. We conclude that SI is a safe procedure with a high diagnostic yield and high agreement with the results of fiberoptic bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of PTB in both HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.6.2003125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T14:29:27Z","timestamp":1365085767000},"page":"2238-2240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Comparison of Sputum Induction with Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"MARCUS B.","family":"CONDE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Pesquisa em Tuberculose, Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SERGIO L. M.","family":"SOARES","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Pesquisa em Tuberculose, Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FERNANDA C. Q.","family":"MELLO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Pesquisa em Tuberculose, Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"VALERIA M.","family":"REZENDE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Pesquisa em Tuberculose, Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LUCIANA L.","family":"ALMEIDA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Pesquisa em Tuberculose, Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ARTHUR L.","family":"REINGOLD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Pesquisa em Tuberculose, Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CHARLES L.","family":"DALEY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Pesquisa em Tuberculose, Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AFRANIO L.","family":"KRITSKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Pesquisa em Tuberculose, Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley; and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032708312078300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.7.677","article-title":"Global burden of tuberculosis. Estimated incidence, prevalence, and mortality by country.","volume":"282","author":"Dye","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026032708312078300_B2"},{"key":"2026032708312078300_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-92-4-512","article-title":"The acid-fast stain: a specific and predictive test for mycobacterial disease.","volume":"92","author":"Murray","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026032708312078300_B4","first-page":"599","article-title":"Re-evaluation of sputum staining for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.","volume":"119","author":"Strumpf","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032708312078300_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761998000300028","article-title":"Tuberculosis and HIV: renewed challenge.","volume":"93","author":"Kritski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2026032708312078300_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.5.7582296","article-title":"Comparison of sputum induction with fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.","volume":"152","author":"Anderson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032708312078300_B7","first-page":"515","article-title":"The usefulness of induced sputum in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii in patents with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.","volume":"133","author":"Bigby","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032708312078300_B8"},{"key":"2026032708312078300_B9"},{"key":"2026032708312078300_B10"},{"key":"2026032708312078300_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/19.2.334","article-title":"High predictive value of the acid-fast smear for Mycobacterium tuberculosis despite the high prevalence of Mycobacterium avium complex in respiratory specimens.","volume":"9","author":"Yajko","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032708312078300_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.3.777","article-title":"Isolation of Mycobacterium avium complex from bone marrow aspirates of AIDS patients in Brazil.","volume":"68","author":"Barreto","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032708312078300_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8479(95)90583-9","article-title":"The use of sputum induction for establishing a diagnosis in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in Malawi.","volume":"76","author":"Parry","year":"1995","journal-title":"Tuberc Lung Dis"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/162\/6\/2238\/67546015\/ajrccm_162_6_2238.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/162\/6\/2238\/67546015\/ajrccm_162_6_2238.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:31:30Z","timestamp":1774614690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/162\/6\/2238\/8540993"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.162.6.2003125","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]}}}