{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T13:16:41Z","timestamp":1774617401476,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]],"date-time":"2000-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":975628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Severity criteria for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) have always excluded patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A 1-yr, multicenter, prospective observational study of HIV-infected patients with bacterial CAP was done to validate the criteria used in the American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines for CAP, and to determine the prognosis-associated factors in the HIV-infected population with bacterial CAP. Overall, 355 cases were included, with an attributable mortality of 9.3%. Patients who met the ATS criteria had a longer hospital stay (p = 0.01), longer duration of fever (p &amp;lt; 0.001), and higher attributable mortality (13.1% versus 3.5%, p = 0.02) than those who did not. Three factors were independently related to mortality: CD4+ cell count &amp;lt; 100\/ \u03bc l, radiologic progression of disease, and shock. Pleural effusion, cavities, and\/or multilobar infiltrates at admission were independently associated with radiologic progression. A prognostic rule based on the five criteria of shock, CD4+ cell count &amp;lt; 100\/ \u03bc l, pleural effusion, cavities, and multilobar infiltrates had a high negative predictive value for mortality (97.1%). The attributable mortality for severe pneumonia was 11.3%, as compared with 1.3% for nonsevere disease (p = 0.008). The ATS severity criteria are valid in HIV-infected patients with bacterial CAP. Our study provides the basis for identification of patients who may require hospitalization determined by clinical judgment and the five clinical criteria of shock, a CD4+ cell count &amp;lt; 100\/ \u03bc l, pleural effusion, cavities, and multilobar involvement. These prognostic factors should be validated in independent cohort studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.162.6.9910104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T14:29:27Z","timestamp":1365085767000},"page":"2063-2068","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u2013Infected Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"ELISA","family":"CORDERO","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Services, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, and Valme University Hospital, Seville; Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, M\u00e1laga; Axarquia Clinical Hospital, V\u00e9lez-M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga; Puerta del Mar University Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Punta de Europa Hospital, Algeciras, La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n S.A.S. Hospital, and Jerez de la Frontera S.A.S. Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez Hospital, Huelva; Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, and Granada Clinical Hospital, Granada; and Torrec\u00e1rdenas Hospital, Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JER\u00d3NIMO","family":"PACH\u00d3N","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Services, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, and Valme University Hospital, Seville; Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, M\u00e1laga; Axarquia Clinical Hospital, V\u00e9lez-M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga; Puerta del Mar University Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Punta de Europa Hospital, Algeciras, La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n S.A.S. Hospital, and Jerez de la Frontera S.A.S. Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez Hospital, Huelva; Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, and Granada Clinical Hospital, Granada; and Torrec\u00e1rdenas Hospital, Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ANTONIO","family":"RIVERO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Services, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, and Valme University Hospital, Seville; Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, M\u00e1laga; Axarquia Clinical Hospital, V\u00e9lez-M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga; Puerta del Mar University Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Punta de Europa Hospital, Algeciras, La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n S.A.S. Hospital, and Jerez de la Frontera S.A.S. Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez Hospital, Huelva; Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, and Granada Clinical Hospital, Granada; and Torrec\u00e1rdenas Hospital, Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JOS\u00c9 A.","family":"GIR\u00d3N","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Services, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, and Valme University Hospital, Seville; Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, M\u00e1laga; Axarquia Clinical Hospital, V\u00e9lez-M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga; Puerta del Mar University Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Punta de Europa Hospital, Algeciras, La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n S.A.S. Hospital, and Jerez de la Frontera S.A.S. Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez Hospital, Huelva; Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, and Granada Clinical Hospital, Granada; and Torrec\u00e1rdenas Hospital, Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JES\u00daS","family":"G\u00d3MEZ-MATEOS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Services, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, and Valme University Hospital, Seville; Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, M\u00e1laga; Axarquia Clinical Hospital, V\u00e9lez-M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga; Puerta del Mar University Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Punta de Europa Hospital, Algeciras, La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n S.A.S. Hospital, and Jerez de la Frontera S.A.S. Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez Hospital, Huelva; Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, and Granada Clinical Hospital, Granada; and Torrec\u00e1rdenas Hospital, Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MAR\u00cdA D.","family":"MERINO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Services, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, and Valme University Hospital, Seville; Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, M\u00e1laga; Axarquia Clinical Hospital, V\u00e9lez-M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga; Puerta del Mar University Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Punta de Europa Hospital, Algeciras, La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n S.A.S. Hospital, and Jerez de la Frontera S.A.S. Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez Hospital, Huelva; Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, and Granada Clinical Hospital, Granada; and Torrec\u00e1rdenas Hospital, Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MANUEL","family":"TORRES-TORTOSA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Services, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, and Valme University Hospital, Seville; Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, M\u00e1laga; Axarquia Clinical Hospital, V\u00e9lez-M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga; Puerta del Mar University Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Punta de Europa Hospital, Algeciras, La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n S.A.S. Hospital, and Jerez de la Frontera S.A.S. Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez Hospital, Huelva; Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, and Granada Clinical Hospital, Granada; and Torrec\u00e1rdenas Hospital, Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MERCEDES","family":"GONZ\u00c1LEZ-SERRANO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Services, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, and Valme University Hospital, Seville; Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, M\u00e1laga; Axarquia Clinical Hospital, V\u00e9lez-M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga; Puerta del Mar University Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Punta de Europa Hospital, Algeciras, La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n S.A.S. Hospital, and Jerez de la Frontera S.A.S. Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez Hospital, Huelva; Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, and Granada Clinical Hospital, Granada; and Torrec\u00e1rdenas Hospital, Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LUIS","family":"ALIAGA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Services, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, and Valme University Hospital, Seville; Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, M\u00e1laga; Axarquia Clinical Hospital, V\u00e9lez-M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga; Puerta del Mar University Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Punta de Europa Hospital, Algeciras, La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n S.A.S. Hospital, and Jerez de la Frontera S.A.S. Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez Hospital, Huelva; Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, and Granada Clinical Hospital, Granada; and Torrec\u00e1rdenas Hospital, Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ANTONIO","family":"COLLADO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Services, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, and Valme University Hospital, Seville; Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, M\u00e1laga; Axarquia Clinical Hospital, V\u00e9lez-M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga; Puerta del Mar University Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Punta de Europa Hospital, Algeciras, La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n S.A.S. Hospital, and Jerez de la Frontera S.A.S. Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez Hospital, Huelva; Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, and Granada Clinical Hospital, Granada; and Torrec\u00e1rdenas Hospital, Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JOS\u00c9","family":"HERN\u00c1NDEZ-QUERO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Services, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, and Valme University Hospital, Seville; Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, M\u00e1laga; Axarquia Clinical Hospital, V\u00e9lez-M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga; Puerta del Mar University Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Punta de Europa Hospital, Algeciras, La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n S.A.S. Hospital, and Jerez de la Frontera S.A.S. Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez Hospital, Huelva; Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, and Granada Clinical Hospital, Granada; and Torrec\u00e1rdenas Hospital, Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ANTONIO","family":"BARRERA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Services, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, and Valme University Hospital, Seville; Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, M\u00e1laga; Axarquia Clinical Hospital, V\u00e9lez-M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga; Puerta del Mar University Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Punta de Europa Hospital, Algeciras, La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n S.A.S. Hospital, and Jerez de la Frontera S.A.S. Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Juan Ram\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez Hospital, Huelva; Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, and Granada Clinical Hospital, Granada; and Torrec\u00e1rdenas Hospital, Almer\u00eda, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ENRIQUE","family":"NU\u00d1O","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Services, Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital, and Valme University Hospital, Seville; Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, M\u00e1laga; Axarquia Clinical Hospital, V\u00e9lez-M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga; Puerta del Mar University Hospital, C\u00e1diz; Punta de Europa Hospital, Algeciras, La L\u00ednea de la Concepci\u00f3n S.A.S. Hospital, and Jerez de la Frontera S.A.S. 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