{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T13:02:06Z","timestamp":1774616526196,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]],"date-time":"2001-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":978307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Asthma is the most common chronic childhood disease in developed nations. Little is known about the relationship between airway responsiveness in infancy and the development of asthma later in life. The relationship of airway responsiveness at 1 mo with asthma, atopy, lower respiratory symptoms, and lung function at 6 yr of age was investigated prospectively in 95 white children from a randomly ascertained birth cohort. Baseline spirometry, airway responsiveness to histamine, and skin reactivity to common allergens were assessed at the age of 1 mo and 6 yr. Total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) was measured from cord blood and at 6 yr. Blood eosinophil counts were measured at 6 yr only. Family, symptom, and exposure histories at both time points were derived from questionnaire data. Independently of the other factors assessed, increased airway responsiveness at 1 mo was significantly associated with the following parameters measured at six yr: decreased FEV1 (p &amp;lt; 0.001); decreased FVC (p &amp;lt; 0.001); physician-diagnosed asthma (p &amp;lt; 0.001); and lower respiratory tract symptoms (p &amp;lt; 0.05). None of the other physiologic factors measured in infancy showed such consistent associations with important clinical and physiologic outcomes at age 6. These data suggest that airway responsiveness in early life defines a functional state that is associated with abnormal airway function, lower respiratory symptoms, and the emergence of asthma by 6 yr of age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.1.2005013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T14:33:38Z","timestamp":1365086018000},"page":"37-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["Airway Responsiveness in Early Infancy Predicts Asthma, Lung Function, and Respiratory Symptoms by School Age"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"LYLE J.","family":"PALMER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Division of Population Sciences, TVW Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PETER J.","family":"RYE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Division of Population Sciences, TVW Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"NEIL A.","family":"GIBSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Division of Population Sciences, TVW Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PAUL R.","family":"BURTON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Division of Population Sciences, TVW Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LOUIS I.","family":"LANDAU","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Division of Population Sciences, TVW Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PETER N.","family":"LeSOU\u00cbF","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Division of Population Sciences, TVW Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032708154375500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10081795","article-title":"Physician-diagnosed asthma and drug utilization in the European Community Health Survey.","volume":"10","author":"Janson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B2"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B3"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B4","first-page":"898","article-title":"Airway responsiveness in a population sample of adults and children.","volume":"129","author":"Weiss","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02387.x","article-title":"A prospective study of bronchial responsiveness and respiratory symptoms in a population of Australian schoolchildren.","volume":"19","author":"Peat","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00273.x","article-title":"Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and its relationship to asthma in childhood.","volume":"23","author":"Pattemore","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00831.x","article-title":"Risk factors in early childhood for the development of atopic diseases.","volume":"49","author":"Bj\u00f6rkst\u00e9n","year":"1994","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/139.1.62","article-title":"Response of normal infants to histamine.","volume":"139","author":"Le Sou\u00ebf","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199104253241704","article-title":"The influence of a family history of asthma and parental smoking on airway responsiveness in early infancy.","volume":"324","author":"Young","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B10"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B11","first-page":"725","article-title":"Changes in the normal maximal expiratory flow\u2013volume curve with growth and aging.","volume":"127","author":"Knudson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.38.10.760","article-title":"Rapid method for measurement of bronchial responsiveness.","volume":"38","author":"Yan","year":"1983","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.6.1412","article-title":"Analysis of dose\u2013 response curves to methacholine: an approach suitable to population studies.","volume":"136","author":"O'Connor","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B14"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B15"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6133.331","article-title":"Is childhood asthma being underdiagnosed and undertreated?","volume":"2","author":"Speight","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00252.x","article-title":"Different airway responsiveness profiles in atopic asthma, nonatopic asthma, and Sjogren's syndrome. BHR Study Group. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness.","volume":"55","author":"Ludviksdottir","year":"2000","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.6.1366","article-title":"The effect of maternal cigarette smoking on the pulmonary function of children and adolescents: analyses of data from two populations.","volume":"136","author":"Tager","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/147.4.811","article-title":"Lung function, pre- and post-natal smoke exposure, and wheezing in the first year of life.","volume":"147","author":"Tager","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950180510","article-title":"Effect of passive smoking, asthma, and respiratory infection on lung function in Australian children.","volume":"18","author":"Haby","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)04446-7","article-title":"Effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy and a family history of asthma on respiratory function in newborn infants.","volume":"348","author":"Stick","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(94)70051-6","article-title":"Relationships among allergen-induced early and late phase airway obstructions, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation in conscious, unrestrained guinea pigs.","volume":"93","author":"Santing","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)38440-1","article-title":"Risk factors for developing wheezing and asthma in childhood.","volume":"39","author":"Morgan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501193320301","article-title":"T. G. H. M. Associates. Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life.","volume":"332","author":"Martinez","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B25"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/142.6_Pt_1.1372","article-title":"Changes in airway reactivity with age in normal infants and young children.","volume":"142","author":"Montgomery","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950040206","article-title":"Airway responsiveness to cold, dry air in normal infants.","volume":"4","author":"Geller","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.67.12.1454","article-title":"Bronchial responsiveness and lung function in infants with lower respiratory tract illness over the first six months of life.","volume":"67","author":"Clarke","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.5.1012","article-title":"Bronchial responsiveness and lung function in recurrently wheezy infants.","volume":"144","author":"Stick","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.1998.tb00304.x","article-title":"Bronchial hyperresponsiveness, atopy, airway inflammation, and asthma.","volume":"9","author":"Warner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B31"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)05104-6","article-title":"Development of allergen-specific T-cell memory in atopic and normal children.","volume":"353","author":"Prescott","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1997.tb01168.x","article-title":"The development of allergy in high-risk children.","volume":"27","author":"Burr","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(95)70174-5","article-title":"Peripheral blood eosinophilia in infants at 3 mo of age is associated with subsequent development of atopic disease in early childhood.","volume":"95","author":"Borres","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.6.8665031","article-title":"The genetics of asthma.","volume":"153","author":"Sandford","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B36"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B37"},{"key":"2026032708154375500_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.6.9612066","article-title":"Cold air challenge at age 6 and subsequent incidence of asthma: a longitudinal study.","volume":"156","author":"Lombardi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/163\/1\/37\/67547882\/ajrccm_163_1_37.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/163\/1\/37\/67547882\/ajrccm_163_1_37.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:15:53Z","timestamp":1774613753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/163\/1\/37\/8540689"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.163.1.2005013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2001,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,1,1]]}}}