{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T13:04:03Z","timestamp":1774616643478,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]],"date-time":"2001-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":983404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Transforming growth factor- \u03b22 (TGF- \u03b22) has recently been shown to produce effective pleurodesis in rabbits. Conventional pleurodesing agents such as talc act by inducing pleural injury, which results in acute inflammation and fibrosis. TGF- \u03b22 is a profibrotic cytokine capable of producing fibrosis without inducing significant pleural inflammation. We hypothesize that intrapleural administration of TGF- \u03b22 would (1) produce an effective pleurodesis faster; (2) stimulate more collagen deposition, and (3) induce less inflammation when compared with intrapleural injection of talc. Thirty rabbits were divided into two groups and given either TGF- \u03b22 (1.7 \u03bc g) or talc slurry (400 mg\/kg) via a chest tube. Five rabbits from each group were killed at Days 1, 4, and 7. Gross pleurodesis was graded from 1 (none) to 8 (complete symphysis). The microscopic pleural inflammation and fibrosis were graded from 0 to 4. Pleural thickening and the total area of collagen deposition were compared. Intrapleural injection of TGF- \u03b22 produced effective pleurodesis within 7 d (median pleurodesis score = 7 at Day 7). At Day 7, TGF- \u03b22 induced significantly more collagen deposition (19.4 \u00b1 19.6% versus 4.6 \u00b1 2.9% of total area of pleura at Day 7), higher pleural fibrosis score (3.0 \u00b1 1.0 versus 1.8 \u00b1 0.5), and pleural thickness (286 \u00b1 191 versus 85 \u00b1 37 \u03bc m) than did talc. There was no difference in the degree of pleural inflammation between the two groups at Day 7 (2.6 \u00b1 0.9 for TGF- \u03b22 versus 2.4 \u00b1 0.6 for talc) or at any other time points. In conclusion, the intrapleural administration of TGF- \u03b22 produced excellent pleurodesis in rabbits at a rate faster than talc slurry and all other pleurodesing agents investigated before. TGF- \u03b22 stimulated more collagen deposition without inducing excess inflammation when compared with talc slurry. TGF- \u03b22 may have advantages over talc slurry in the management of recurrent pleural effusion and pneumothorax.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.3.2002091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T14:34:29Z","timestamp":1365086069000},"page":"640-644","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Transforming Growth Factor- \u03b22 Induces Pleurodesis Significantly Faster than Talc"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"Y. C.","family":"GARY LEE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pulmonary Medicine, St. Thomas Hospital and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Respiratory Diseases\u2013Heart Institute (InCor), University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LISETE R.","family":"TEIXEIRA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pulmonary Medicine, St. Thomas Hospital and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Respiratory Diseases\u2013Heart Institute (InCor), University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CLINTON J.","family":"DEVIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pulmonary Medicine, St. Thomas Hospital and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Respiratory Diseases\u2013Heart Institute (InCor), University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MARCELO A. C.","family":"VAZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pulmonary Medicine, St. Thomas Hospital and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Respiratory Diseases\u2013Heart Institute (InCor), University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"FRANCISCO S.","family":"VARGAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pulmonary Medicine, St. Thomas Hospital and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Respiratory Diseases\u2013Heart Institute (InCor), University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PHILIP J.","family":"THOMPSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pulmonary Medicine, St. Thomas Hospital and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Respiratory Diseases\u2013Heart Institute (InCor), University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KIRK B.","family":"LANE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pulmonary Medicine, St. Thomas Hospital and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Respiratory Diseases\u2013Heart Institute (InCor), University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"RICHARD W.","family":"LIGHT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pulmonary Medicine, St. Thomas Hospital and Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Respiratory Diseases\u2013Heart Institute (InCor), University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032708172473400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.1.190","article-title":"Systemic distribution of talc after intrapleural administration in rats.","volume":"115","author":"Werebe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032708172473400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.6.1707","article-title":"Talc slurry pleurodesis. 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