{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T13:05:41Z","timestamp":1774616741187,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,1]],"date-time":"2001-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":983404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Complications of Vertically Transmitted HIV (P2C2 HIV) Study is a multicenter study examining pulmonary and cardiac outcomes in offspring of HIV-infected mothers. This portion of the P2C2 study tests the hypothesis that infants exposed to, but uninfected by, maternal HIV have normal maximal expiratory flow at functional residual capacity (V\u2032 max,FRC). We obtained 500 measurements of V\u2032 max,FRC by rapid thoracic compression in 285 children ages 6\u201330 mo in five U.S. centers. The data were compared with those from a healthy cohort of children described elsewhere. V\u2032 max,FRC rose with height in a linear relationship. The slope of the regression line in the exposed infants did not differ statistically from the slope in the comparison group, but the intercept was about 20% lower (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Height and weight were comparable in the two cohorts, and the differences between intercepts persisted after adjusting for birth weight and gestational age. However, maternal HIV infection cannot be assumed to be the cause as the cohorts may have differed in other variables, such as socioeconomic status and frequency of maternal smoking and drug use. Also, measurements varied substantially within and between our five centers, probably in part because of different racial and ethnic distributions. In summary, maternal HIV infection probably has only a modest effect, if any, on maximal expiratory flow at functional residual capacity in uninfected infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.4.9901040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T14:36:00Z","timestamp":1365086160000},"page":"865-873","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Forced Expiratory Flow in Uninfected Infants and Children Born to HIV-infected Mothers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"ANDREW A.","family":"COLIN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Channing Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Care Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, Presbyterian Hospital\/Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, University of Southern California\/UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Boston Medical Center\/Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"SUNIL RAO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Channing Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Care Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, Presbyterian Hospital\/Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, University of Southern California\/UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Boston Medical Center\/Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"XIN C.","family":"CHEN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Channing Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Care Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, Presbyterian Hospital\/Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, University of Southern California\/UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Boston Medical Center\/Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JANICE M.","family":"HUNTER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Channing Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Care Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, Presbyterian Hospital\/Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, University of Southern California\/UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Boston Medical Center\/Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JOHN","family":"HANRAHAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Channing Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Care Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, Presbyterian Hospital\/Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, University of Southern California\/UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Boston Medical Center\/Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PETER","family":"HIATT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Channing Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Care Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, Presbyterian Hospital\/Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, University of Southern California\/UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Boston Medical Center\/Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MEYER","family":"KATTAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Channing Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Care Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, Presbyterian Hospital\/Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, University of Southern California\/UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Boston Medical Center\/Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ANASTASSIOS","family":"KOUMBOURLIS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Channing Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Care Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, Presbyterian Hospital\/Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, University of Southern California\/UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Boston Medical Center\/Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ROBERT B.","family":"MELLINS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Channing Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Care Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, Presbyterian Hospital\/Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, University of Southern California\/UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Boston Medical Center\/Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HANNAH H.","family":"PEAVY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Channing Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Care Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, Presbyterian Hospital\/Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, University of Southern California\/UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Boston Medical Center\/Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ARNOLD","family":"PLATZKER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Channing Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Care Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, Presbyterian Hospital\/Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, University of Southern California\/UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Boston Medical Center\/Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ANDREW","family":"TING","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Channing Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Care Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, Presbyterian Hospital\/Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, University of Southern California\/UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Boston Medical Center\/Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SUZANNE","family":"STEINBACH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Channing Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Care Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, Presbyterian Hospital\/Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, University of Southern California\/UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Boston Medical Center\/Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MARY ELLEN B.","family":"WOHL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics\/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Channing Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts; Clinical Care Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas; Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology, Presbyterian Hospital\/Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, University of Southern California\/UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Boston Medical Center\/Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032708184492600_B1"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B2"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950150608","article-title":"Forced expiratory flows and lung volumes in normal infants.","volume":"15","author":"Tepper","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.7.1787-1794.1992","article-title":"Standardization of sensitive human immunodeficiency virus coculture procedures and establishment of a multicenter quality assurance program for the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. The NIH\/NIAID\/DAIDS\/ACTG Virology Laboratories.","volume":"30","author":"Hollinger","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B5","first-page":"552","article-title":"Passive respiratory mechanics in newborns and children.","volume":"129","author":"LeSouef","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198511000-00010","article-title":"A simple method for measuring functional residual capacity by N2 washout in small animals and newborn infants.","volume":"19","author":"Gerhardt","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.61.4.636","article-title":"Flow-volume relationship at low lung volumes in healthy term newborn infants.","volume":"61","author":"Adler","year":"1978","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026032708184492600_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.5.1220","article-title":"Determinants of forced expiratory flows in newborn infants.","volume":"53","author":"Taussig","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B9","first-page":"513","article-title":"Physiologic growth and development of the lung during the first year of life [Published erratum appears in Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;136:800.]","volume":"134","author":"Tepper","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B10","first-page":"A440","article-title":"Partial expiratory flow-volume curves in infants: analytic strategies for the prospective NHLBI study of the pulmonary and cardiovascular complications of vertically transmitted HIV infection [abstract].","volume":"151","author":"Wohl","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.2307\/2529876","article-title":"Random\u2013effects models for longitudinal data.","volume":"38","author":"Laird","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B12"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.2.9801083","article-title":"Assessment of airway function using partial expiratory flow-volume curves: how reliable are measurements of maximal expiratory flow at FRC during early infancy?","volume":"159","author":"Henschen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.80.6.2019","article-title":"Flow limitation in normal infants: a new method for forced expiratory maneuvers from raised lung volumes.","volume":"80","author":"Feher","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.5.7735598","article-title":"A new technique to generate and assess forced expiration from raised lung volume in infants.","volume":"151","author":"Turner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.6.1215","article-title":"Spirometry in the Lung Health Study: 1. Methods and quality control.","volume":"143","author":"Enright","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.12040944","article-title":"A collaborative study of infant respiratory function testing.","volume":"12","author":"Dundas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.61.5.1639","article-title":"Effect of compression pressure on forced expiratory flow in infants.","volume":"61","author":"LeSouef","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.6.9609003","article-title":"Influence of driving pressure on raised-volume forced expiration in infants.","volume":"156","author":"Hayden","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.78.1.179","article-title":"Developmental changes in chest wall compliance in infancy and early childhood.","volume":"78","author":"Papastamelos","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B21"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.2.9903026","article-title":"Forced expiratory flows and volumes in infants: normative data and lung growth.","volume":"161","author":"Jones","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00.15115100","article-title":"The association between early life lung function and wheezing during the first 2 yrs of life.","volume":"15","author":"Young","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B24","first-page":"955","article-title":"Lung function among black and white children.","volume":"114","author":"Binder","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80075-X","article-title":"Ventilatory functions of normal children and young adults\u2014 Mexican-American, white, and black: I. Spirometry.","volume":"95","author":"Hsu","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.6.9607056","article-title":"Influence of ethnicity and gender on airway function in preterm infants.","volume":"156","author":"Stocks","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.94.07010011","article-title":"A comparison of respiratory function in Afro-Caribbean and Caucasian infants.","volume":"7","author":"Stocks","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.7.773","article-title":"Ethnic origin and lung function of infants born prematurely.","volume":"50","author":"Yuksel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.2.312","article-title":"Initial airway function is a risk factor for recurrent wheezing respiratory illnesses during the first three years of life. Group Health Medical Associates.","volume":"143","author":"Martinez","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/145.5.1129","article-title":"The effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on early infant lung function.","volume":"145","author":"Hanrahan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.3.7663813","article-title":"Maternal smoking during pregnancy: effects on lung function during the first 18 months of life.","volume":"152","author":"Tager","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(97)70032-5","article-title":"Incidence of premature birth and neonatal respiratory disease in infants of HIV-positive mothers. The Pediatric Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Complications of Vertically Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Study Group.","volume":"131","author":"Martin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B33","first-page":"A235","article-title":"Respiratory disease in children born to HIV infected mothers in the first year of life [abstract].","volume":"151","author":"Kattan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B34","first-page":"A802","article-title":"Comparison of spirometry in 2 distinct populations of children of African descent to an accepted prediction equation [abstract].","volume":"161","author":"Knight-Madden","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.2.8564123","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and lung function among primary school children in Canada.","volume":"153","author":"Demissie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B36","first-page":"270","article-title":"Socio-environmental factors and lung function.","volume":"70","author":"Steinberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08030492","article-title":"Reference values for residual volume, functional residual capacity and total lung capacity. ATS Workshop on Lung Volume Measurements. Official Statement of The European Respiratory Society.","volume":"8","author":"Stocks","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026032708184492600_B38"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/163\/4\/865\/67547551\/ajrccm_163_4_865.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/163\/4\/865\/67547551\/ajrccm_163_4_865.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:18:53Z","timestamp":1774613933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/163\/4\/865\/8541222"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm.163.4.9901040","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,3]]}}}