{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:55:48Z","timestamp":1774616148226,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,1]],"date-time":"2001-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":993945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We evaluated the bronchodilatory and the bronchoprotective effect of the long-acting \u03b22-agonist formoterol administered as dry powder from a mechanically actuated dry-powder inhaler (DPI) using spacer in 12 asthmatic children 2 to 5 yr of age. Lung function was measured as the specific airway resistance (sRaw) in a whole body plethysmograph. Hyperventilation of cold, dry air was used as bronchial challenge, and the responsiveness was estimated as change in sRaw. The bronchoprotective effect of formoterol Turbohaler 9 \u03bc g was compared with salbutamol 200 \u03bc g and placebo at 15 min, 4 and 8 h postdose in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. All treatments were administered from DPI (Turbohaler) actuated mechanically into a spacer. Formoterol and salbutamol caused similar and significant bronchodilation at the first measurement 3 min postdose. Formoterol offered a sustained and stable bronchodilation for at least 8 h. Salbutamol provided significant bronchodilation for less than 4 h. Formoterol caused significant bronchoprotection of 80% for at least 8 h compared with placebo, and from 4 h onward compared with salbutamol. Bronchoprotection from salbutamol lasted less than 4 h. In conclusion, formoterol administered as dry powder in a single dose provided rapid and sustained bronchodilation and clinically significant bronchoprotection for at least 8 h in 2- to 5-yr-old asthmatic children. Furthermore, this study suggests that mechanical actuation of DPI using a spacer is effective for aerosol treatment of young asthmatic children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.2.2011121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T14:45:45Z","timestamp":1365086745000},"page":"256-259","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Bronchodilation and Bronchoprotection in Asthmatic Preschool Children from Formoterol Administered by Mechanically Actuated Dry-powder Inhaler and Spacer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"KIM G.","family":"NIELSEN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HANS","family":"BISGAARD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 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