{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T12:57:11Z","timestamp":1774616231751,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,1]],"date-time":"2001-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":999302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Subjects in this study included 1,560 intact male\u2013male twin pairs (818 monozygotic [MZ], 742 dizygotic [DZ]) of mean age (\u00b1 SD) 74.2 \u00b1 2.8 yr. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used to assess daytime sleepiness and standardized questionnaires assessed snoring. Multivariate genetic model fitting was used to estimate the contribution of genetic and nongenetic (environmental) influences to the variation and covariation of obesity with snoring and daytime sleepiness. In this sample, 26% were habitual snorers, 18% reported excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS \u2a7e 11), and 29% were obese (body mass index [BMI] \u2a7e 28). By using structural equation modeling, we estimated that genetic factors accounted for 64% of the variance in obesity, 40% of the variance in daytime sleepiness, and 23% of the variability in self-reports of snoring. We found a significant genetic correlation between obesity and snoring and between obesity and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), although for the most part the genetic variance in snoring and sleepiness was nonoverlapping with the genetic variance for obesity. We conclude from these data that self-reported symptoms of snoring and daytime sleepiness in older men have a genetic basis that is largely independent of genes associated with obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.6.2012001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,4]],"date-time":"2013-04-04T14:50:15Z","timestamp":1365087015000},"page":"949-952","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Genetic Factors in Self-reported Snoring and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"DORIT","family":"CARMELLI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SRI International, Menlo Park, California; Emory University Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia; and Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DONALD L.","family":"BLIWISE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SRI International, Menlo Park, California; Emory University Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia; and Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GARY E.","family":"SWAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SRI International, Menlo Park, California; Emory University Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia; and Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"TERRY","family":"REED","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SRI International, Menlo Park, California; Emory University Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia; and Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032708060780600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/137.4.895","article-title":"The sleep hypopnea syndrome.","volume":"137","author":"Gould","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032708060780600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.3.781","article-title":"A cause of excessive daytime sleepiness. The upper airway resistance syndrome [see comments].","volume":"104","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032708060780600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.2.8756795","article-title":"Recognition of obstructive sleep apnea.","volume":"154","author":"Strohl","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032708060780600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(05)70132-8","article-title":"Recognition and consequences of obstructive sleep apnea\u2013hypopnea syndrome.","volume":"32","author":"Redline","year":"1999","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026032708060780600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02598994","article-title":"Sleep history is neglected diagnostic information. Challenges for primary care physicians.","volume":"11","author":"Haponik","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2026032708060780600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.6.1545","article-title":"Familial aggregates in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.","volume":"107","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032708060780600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/151.3_Pt_1.688","article-title":"Assessment of the role of inheritance in sleep apnea syndrome.","volume":"151","author":"Pillar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032708060780600_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/151.3_Pt_1.682","article-title":"The familial aggregation of obstructive sleep apnea.","volume":"151","author":"Redline","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032708060780600_B9","first-page":"133","article-title":"The NAS-NRC Twin Panel: methods of construction of the panel, zygosity diagnosis, and proposed use.","volume":"19","author":"Jablon","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2026032708060780600_B10","first-page":"153","article-title":"The National Academy of Sciences\u2014National Research Council Twin Registry: ten years of operation.","volume":"24","author":"Hrubec","year":"1978","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol Res"},{"key":"2026032708060780600_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.99.3.600","article-title":"Relative validity of self-reported snoring as a symptom of sleep apnea in a sleep clinic population [see comments].","volume":"99","author":"Bliwise","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026032708060780600_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","article-title":"A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale.","volume":"14","author":"Johns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026032708060780600_B13"},{"key":"2026032708060780600_B14"},{"key":"2026032708060780600_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.6.9807082","article-title":"Correlates of the \u201cdon't know\u201d response to questions about snoring.","volume":"160","author":"Bliwise","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032708060780600_B16","first-page":"365","article-title":"A twin study of snoring [abstract].","volume":"17","author":"Kaprio","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sleep Res"},{"key":"2026032708060780600_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.5.1289","article-title":"Snoring, family history, and genetic markers in men. 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