{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T03:31:36Z","timestamp":1775014296135,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1972,8,1]],"date-time":"1972-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":81475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eighty-three patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, 80 (96 per cent) of whom were Chinese, were studied over a period of 2.5 years. Eighty patients (96 per cent) were cigarette smokers; 54 (65 per cent) smoked opium as well. Bronchography and autopsy revealed a high prevalence of chronic bronchiolitis and bronchitis with dense pleural adhesions. Destructive emphysema was noted in approximately one half of the patients (46 per cent); the centrilobular type was invariably present at autopsy. No significant difference was detected between the opium smokers and the cigarette smokers with respect to their symptoms, prevalence of heart failure, right ventricular hypertrophy, bronchial inflammatory disease, or emphysema. Peribronchiolar fibrosis and extensive pleural fibrous reaction, however, were more prevalent in the opium smokers. In the heavy opium smokers, a characteristic nodulation in the chest roentgenogram also developed, sometimes associated with a reticular pattern. This was due to heavy pigment (carbon) deposition in the lung parenchyma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1972.106.2.246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,4]],"date-time":"2015-10-04T22:53:54Z","timestamp":1443999234000},"page":"246-259","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease in Singapore"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"J. L.","family":"Da Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. P. C.","family":"Tock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. K.","family":"Boey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1972,8,1]]},"container-title":["American Review of Respiratory Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/106\/2\/246\/67699862\/ajrccm_106_2_246.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/106\/2\/246\/67699862\/ajrccm_106_2_246.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T02:17:52Z","timestamp":1775009872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/106\/2\/246\/8567443"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1972,8,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1972,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/arrd.1972.106.2.246","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-0805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-0805","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1972,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1972,8,1]]}}}