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The ventilatory response to 10% oxygen (hyperpnea) was significantly attenuated during quiet sleep in N lambs compared with C lambs and in N lambs aroused from sleep later compared with C lambs (161 \u00b1 90 versus 75 \u00b1 66 seconds, p &amp;lt; 0.05). The ventilatory response to hypoxia was similar in the two groups during wakefulness (W), whereas the heart rate response (tachycardia) was significantly lower in N lambs compared with C lambs during both activity states. The ventilatory response to hyperoxia was significantly lower in N lambs compared with C lambs during both activity states. Transition from W to quiet sleep was associated with a significant decrease in ventilation in C lambs but not in N lambs. In conclusion, prenatal nicotine exposure, at a dose comparable with moderate smoking, blunts major elements of the cardiorespiratory defense to hypoxia, i.e., the heart rate and ventilatory and arousal responses, and abolishes the normal decrease in ventilation during sleep compared with W.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200204-289oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,6]],"date-time":"2002-12-06T16:25:31Z","timestamp":1039191931000},"page":"1544-1549","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Blunts the Cardiorespiratory Response to Hypoxia in Lambs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Ola","family":"Hafstr\u00f6m","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Milerad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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