{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:52:59Z","timestamp":1791215579906,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a key proinflammatory mediator. It contributes toward an exaggerated gram-negative inflammatory response via its ability to induce Toll-like receptor\u20134 expression. Studies have shown that MIF knockout mice have less aggressive Pseudomonas infection (compared with wild-type).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess whether a novel functional MIF polymorphism was associated with clinical prognosis in a patient cohort with chronic gram-negative infection, namely cystic fibrosis (CF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collected genomic DNA was analyzed via polymerase chain reaction amplification for the polymorphic region for the CATT repeat polymorphism. Individuals may have a 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-CATT tetranucleotide repeat unit on each allele. The 5-CATT repeat allele exhibits the lowest MIF promoter activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with stable CF (n = 167) and a matched control group (n = 166) were enrolled. In patients with CF, the MIF5+ group had a decreased incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization (odds ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.09\u20130.65; p = 0.004) and a significant reduction in the risk of pancreatic insufficiency (odds ratio, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.07\u20131.0; p = 0.05). A trend toward milder disease activity in the MIF5+ group was seen with all other parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results support the concept of a regulatory role for MIF in CF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200412-1714oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,22]],"date-time":"2005-09-22T20:34:31Z","timestamp":1127421271000},"page":"1412-1415","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Cystic Fibrosis, Disease Severity, and a Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Polymorphism"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Barry J.","family":"Plant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and the Dublin Molecular Medicine Centre, Department of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute of Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England; and Department of Medicine and Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles G.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and the Dublin Molecular Medicine Centre, Department of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute of Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England; and Department of Medicine and Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Bucala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and the Dublin Molecular Medicine Centre, Department of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute of Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England; and Department of Medicine and Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Baugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and the Dublin Molecular Medicine Centre, Department of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute of Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England; and Department of Medicine and Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Chappell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and the Dublin Molecular Medicine Centre, Department of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute of Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England; and Department of Medicine and Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and the Dublin Molecular Medicine Centre, Department of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute of Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England; and Department of Medicine and Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare M.","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and the Dublin Molecular Medicine Centre, Department of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute of Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England; and Department of Medicine and Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and the Dublin Molecular Medicine Centre, Department of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute of Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England; and Department of Medicine and Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seamas C.","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and the Dublin Molecular Medicine Centre, Department of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute of Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England; 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