{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T10:58:00Z","timestamp":1782471480353,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rifabutin was recommended in place of rifampin during treatment of HIV-related tuberculosis (TB) to facilitate concomitant potent antiretroviral therapy, but this approach has not been evaluated in a prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the activity of intermittent rifabutin-based therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with culture-confirmed TB were treated under direct supervision with 2 mo of rifabutin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol (given daily, thrice-weekly, or twice-weekly per the local tuberculosis control program), followed by 4 mo of twice-weekly rifabutin plus isoniazid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Culture-positive treatment failure or relapse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 169 eligible patients were enrolled. Most had advanced HIV disease; the median CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA level were 90 cells\/mm3 (interquartile range, 35\u2013175) and 5.3 log10 copies\/ml (interquartile range, 4.8\u20135.7), respectively. Nine (5.3%) patients had culture-positive treatment failure (n = 3) or relapse (n = 6). Eight of these nine (89%) cases had isolates with acquired rifamycin resistance. Treatment failure or relapse was associated with baseline CD4 lymphocyte count, being 12.3% (9\/73; 95% confidence interval, 6.5\u201322.0%) among patients with CD4 &amp;lt; 100 cells\/mm3 versus 0% (0\/65; 95% confidence interval, 0.0\u20134.5%) among those with higher CD4 lymphocyte counts (p &amp;lt; 0.01). One hundred thirty-seven (81%) patients received antiretroviral therapy during TB treatment. Adverse events were common, but only two patients (1%) permanently discontinued study drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intermittent rifabutin-based therapy for HIV-related TB was well tolerated, but there was a high risk of treatment failure or relapse with acquired rifamycin resistance among patients with low CD4 lymphocyte counts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200503-417oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,18]],"date-time":"2005-08-18T20:45:00Z","timestamp":1124397900000},"page":"350-356","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Acquired Rifamycin Resistance with Twice-Weekly Treatment of HIV-related Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"William","family":"Burman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Washington, DC; George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Los Angeles County\u2013University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Tarrant County Public Health Department; University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth; University of Texas Health Science Center; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey\u2013New Jersey Medical School National Tuberculosis Center, Newark, New Jersey; Harlem Hospital Center; and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Benator","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Washington, DC; George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Los Angeles County\u2013University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Tarrant County Public Health Department; University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth; University of Texas Health Science Center; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey\u2013New Jersey Medical School National Tuberculosis Center, Newark, New Jersey; Harlem Hospital Center; and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Vernon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Washington, DC; George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Los Angeles County\u2013University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Tarrant County Public Health Department; University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth; University of Texas Health Science Center; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey\u2013New Jersey Medical School National Tuberculosis Center, Newark, New Jersey; Harlem Hospital Center; and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awal","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Washington, DC; George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Los Angeles County\u2013University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Tarrant County Public Health Department; University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth; University of Texas Health Science Center; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey\u2013New Jersey Medical School National Tuberculosis Center, Newark, New Jersey; Harlem Hospital Center; and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Washington, DC; George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Los Angeles County\u2013University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Tarrant County Public Health Department; University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth; University of Texas Health Science Center; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey\u2013New Jersey Medical School National Tuberculosis Center, Newark, New Jersey; Harlem Hospital Center; and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Washington, DC; George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Los Angeles County\u2013University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Tarrant County Public Health Department; University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth; University of Texas Health Science Center; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey\u2013New Jersey Medical School National Tuberculosis Center, Newark, New Jersey; Harlem Hospital Center; and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Lahart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Washington, DC; George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Los Angeles County\u2013University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Tarrant County Public Health Department; University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth; University of Texas Health Science Center; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey\u2013New Jersey Medical School National Tuberculosis Center, Newark, New Jersey; Harlem Hospital Center; and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Weis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Washington, DC; George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Los Angeles County\u2013University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Tarrant County Public Health Department; University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth; University of Texas Health Science Center; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey\u2013New Jersey Medical School National Tuberculosis Center, Newark, New Jersey; Harlem Hospital Center; and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Washington, DC; George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Los Angeles County\u2013University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Tarrant County Public Health Department; University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth; University of Texas Health Science Center; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey\u2013New Jersey Medical School National Tuberculosis Center, Newark, New Jersey; Harlem Hospital Center; and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonita","family":"Mangura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Washington, DC; George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Los Angeles County\u2013University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Tarrant County Public Health Department; University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth; University of Texas Health Science Center; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey\u2013New Jersey Medical School National Tuberculosis Center, Newark, New Jersey; Harlem Hospital Center; and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Washington, DC; George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Los Angeles County\u2013University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; Tarrant County Public Health Department; University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth; University of Texas Health Science Center; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey\u2013New Jersey Medical School National Tuberculosis Center, Newark, New Jersey; Harlem Hospital Center; and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafaa","family":"El-Sadr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Denver Public Health; University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado; Veterans Affairs Medical Center of Washington, DC; George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Los 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