{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:51:47Z","timestamp":1791816707382,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,1]],"date-time":"2006-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1136073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As the smallest free-living bacteria and a frequent cause of respiratory infections, mycoplasmas are unique pathogens. Mice infected with Mycoplasma pulmonis can develop localized, life-long airway infection accompanied by persistent inflammation and remodeling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Because mast cells protect mice from acute septic peritonitis and gram-negative pneumonia, we hypothesized that they defend against mycoplasma infection. This study tests this hypothesis using mast cell\u2013deficient mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Responses to airway infection with M. pulmonis were compared in wild-type and mast cell\u2013deficient KitW-sh\/KitW-sh mice and sham-infected control mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endpoints include mortality, body and lymph node weight, mycoplasma antibody titer, and lung mycoplasma burden and histopathology at intervals after infection. The results reveal that infected KitW-sh\/KitW-sh mice, compared with other groups, lose more weight and are more likely to die. Live mycoplasma burden is greater in KitW-sh\/KitW-sh than in wild-type mice at early time points. Four days after infection, the difference is 162-fold. Titers of mycoplasma-specific IgM and IgA appear earlier and rise higher in KitW-sh\/KitW-sh mice, but antibody responses to heat-killed mycoplasma are not different compared with wild-type mice. Infected KitW-sh\/KitW-sh mice develop larger bronchial lymph nodes and progressive pneumonia and airway occlusion with neutrophil-rich exudates, accompanied by angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. In wild-type mice, pneumonia and exudates are less severe, quicker to resolve, and are not associated with increased angiogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that mast cells are important for innate immune containment of and recovery from respiratory mycoplasma infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200507-1034oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,6]],"date-time":"2005-10-06T20:45:04Z","timestamp":1128631504000},"page":"219-225","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Mast Cells Protect Mice from Mycoplasma Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Institute, and Departments of Medicine, Anatomy, Microbiology and Immunology, and Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco; Northern California Institute for Research and Education; and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongji","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Institute, and Departments of Medicine, Anatomy, Microbiology and Immunology, and Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco; Northern California Institute for Research and Education; and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalya","family":"Lyubynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Institute, and Departments of Medicine, Anatomy, Microbiology and Immunology, and Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco; Northern California Institute for Research and Education; and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Wolters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Institute, and Departments of Medicine, Anatomy, Microbiology and Immunology, and Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco; Northern California Institute for Research and Education; and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel P.","family":"Killeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Institute, and Departments of Medicine, Anatomy, Microbiology and Immunology, and Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco; Northern California Institute for Research and Education; and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Baluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Institute, and Departments of Medicine, Anatomy, Microbiology and Immunology, and Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco; Northern California Institute for Research and Education; and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald M.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Institute, and Departments of Medicine, Anatomy, Microbiology and Immunology, and Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco; Northern California Institute for Research and Education; and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, 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