{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:06:35Z","timestamp":1791317195384,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute exposure to chlorine gas results in respiratory impairment, but few data are available on the pathobiology of the underlying lung damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess lung function and potential lung damage pathways in the acute phase and longitudinally over a 15-mo follow-up after acute chlorine exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten previously healthy children were accidentally exposed to chlorine gas at a swimming pool because of an erroneous servicing procedure. The fraction of nitric oxide in exhaled air (FeNO), exhaled breath condensate compounds, and serum Clara cell\u2013specific protein CC16 were repeatedly measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the acute phase, all patients had respiratory distress (one child required mechanical ventilation) and reduced lung function (median and interquartile range: FVC, 51 [43\u201360]% predicted; FEV1, 51 [46\u201360]% predicted). This was accompanied by low FeNO (4.7 [3.9\u20137.9] ppb), high exhaled breath condensate leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels (24.4 [22.5\u201324.9] pg\/ml), and increased serum CC16 levels (mean \u00b1 SEM, 23.4 \u00b1 2.5 \u03bcg\/L). Lung function returned to normal in 15 d (FVC, 97% predicted [82\u2013108], and FEV1, 92% predicted [77\u2013102]). FeNO reached normal values after 2 mo (12.6 [11.4\u201315] ppb), whereas LTB4 levels were still increased (12 [9.3\u201317.1] pg\/ml).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children acutely exposed to chlorine in a swimming pool presented a substantial lung function impairment associated with biochemical exhaled breath alterations, represented mainly by an increase in LTB4 and a reduction in FeNO. Although lung function and FeNO improved within a few weeks, the increased levels of exhaled LTB4 persisted for several months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200509-1392oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,8]],"date-time":"2006-06-08T21:29:14Z","timestamp":1149802154000},"page":"545-549","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Longitudinal Monitoring of Lung Injury in Children after Acute Chlorine Exposure in a Swimming Pool"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Gea","family":"Bonetto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua, Padua; and Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology, and Health Sciences and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Prevention Research Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Corradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua, Padua; and Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology, and Health Sciences and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Prevention Research Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Carraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua, Padua; and Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology, and Health Sciences and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Prevention Research Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Zanconato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua, Padua; and Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology, and Health Sciences and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Prevention Research Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Alinovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua, Padua; and Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology, and Health Sciences and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Prevention Research Center, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Folesani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Padua, Padua; and Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology, and Health Sciences and National Institute of 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