{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T02:21:20Z","timestamp":1780453280465,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale: Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) is associated with substantial morbidity, and standard daily multidrug therapy is difficult to tolerate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize response to a three-times-weekly (TIW) regimen of clarithromycin, ethambutol, and rifampin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 1-yr prospective noncomparative trial of TIW treatment was conducted during 2000\u20132003 in 17 U.S. cities. Participants were 91 HIV-negative adults, diagnosed with moderate to severe MAC-PD, who originally participated in a trial of an inhaled IFN-\u03b3 treatment. Improvement in sputum culture, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and symptoms were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment response rates (and median response times) were 44% (2 mo or longer) for culture, 60% (5.5\u201311.5 mo) for HRCT, and 53% (8.5 mo) for symptoms. Having noncavitary, compared with cavitary, disease increased culture response by 4.0 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7\u20139.2) and HRCT response by 4.9 times (95% CI, 1.9\u201313.0). Culture response was 1.5 times (95% CI, 1.1\u20132.2) higher for older subjects and 2.2 times (95% CI, 1.0\u20134.7) higher for previously untreated subjects. Being smear-negative increased culture response by 2.3 times (95% CI, 1.1\u20135.2) but decreased HRCT response by 4.4 times (95% CI, 1.7\u201311.5). Increasing ethambutol use by 5 mo increased culture response by 1.5 times (95% CI, 1.0\u20132.1) but decreased symptom response. Not having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, or poor lung function increased symptom response by 1.9 to 3.9 times.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TIW therapy was less effective for MAC-PD patients with cavitary disease and a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, or previous treatment for MAC-PD. Further research is needed to study the long-term outcomes of TIW treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200509-1531oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,2]],"date-time":"2006-03-02T21:14:25Z","timestamp":1141334065000},"page":"1283-1289","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":165,"title":["Factors Related to Response to Intermittent Treatment of\n                    <i>Mycobacterium avium<\/i>\n                    Complex Lung Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Phung K.","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center\/Bellevue Hospital, New York City, New York; and Division of Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center\/Bellevue Hospital, New York City, New York; and Division of Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy R.","family":"Aksamit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center\/Bellevue Hospital, New York City, New York; and Division of Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Ruoss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center\/Bellevue Hospital, New York City, New York; and Division of Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart M.","family":"Garay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center\/Bellevue Hospital, New York City, New York; and Division of Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles L.","family":"Daley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center\/Bellevue Hospital, New York City, New York; and Division of Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Catanzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, Texas; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Medicine, New York University Medical Center\/Bellevue Hospital, New York City, New York; and Division of Mycobacterial and Respiratory Infections, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026040106044302200_BIB1","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026040106044302200_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1086\/324508","volume":"33","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026040106044302200_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(02)00022-9","volume":"23","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"2026040106044302200_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(02)00023-0","volume":"23","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"2026040106044302200_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1033","volume":"115","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026040106044302200_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200304-505SO","volume":"168","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026040106044302200_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200407-863OC","volume":"172","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026040106044302200_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1086\/378807","volume":"37","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026040106044302200_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1086\/515597","volume":"178","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026040106044302200_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1086\/313644","volume":"30","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026040106044302200_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.2.atsstatement","volume":"156","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026040106044302200_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(02)00020-5","volume":"23","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"2026040106044302200_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(02)00019-9","volume":"23","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"2026040106044302200_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/171.3.747","volume":"171","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026040106044302200_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.3.9811086","volume":"160","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026040106044302200_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.566","volume":"126","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/173\/11\/1283\/67405174\/ajrccm_173_11_1283.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/173\/11\/1283\/67405174\/ajrccm_173_11_1283.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T10:04:48Z","timestamp":1775037888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/173\/11\/1283\/8528276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200509-1531oc","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]}}}