{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T11:40:12Z","timestamp":1775043612577,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the serial dilution technique for quantitative culture of bronchoalveolar fluid is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia, it is more labor intensive than the calibrated loop technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sought to determine the agreement between the calibrated loop and serial dilution techniques in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively measured bacterial colony counts by the serial dilution and calibrated loop techniques in 121 bronchoalveolar lavage samples of 104 patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements and Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At the time of bronchoscopy, patients had received mechanical ventilation for a median of 8 d. Patients were receiving antibiotics when 90 of the 121 (74.4%) bronchoalveolar samples were obtained. The colony counts of 13 bacterial isolates were too numerous to count by the calibrated loop technique; by serial dilution technique, their counts ranged from 4.70 to 6.74 log10 cfu\/ml. Fifty other bacteria had paired colony counts measured by each of the two techniques: the bias (95% confidence interval) between the two techniques was \u22120.380 (\u22120.665 to \u22120.095) log10 cfu\/ml, with precision of 1.002 log10 cfu\/ml and 95% limits of agreement of \u22122.344 to 1.584 log10 cfu\/ml. Using the threshold of 4 log10 cfu\/ml as a criterion for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia, there was discordance only for one bacterial organism between the two techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The calibrated loop technique can be used for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200512-1899oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,9]],"date-time":"2006-03-09T21:05:03Z","timestamp":1141938303000},"page":"1229-1232","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Bronchoscopy in Ventilator-associated Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Bekele","family":"Afessa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; and Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesia, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolf D.","family":"Hubmayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; and Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesia, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily A.","family":"Vetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; and Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesia, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark T.","family":"Keegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; and Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesia, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen L.","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; and Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesia, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry M.","family":"Baddour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; and Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesia, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Franklin R.","family":"Cockerill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; and Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesia, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve G.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; and Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesia, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026040106041331500_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.7.2105078","volume":"165","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026040106041331500_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.4_suppl_2.177S","volume":"117","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026040106041331500_BIB3","first-page":"621","volume":"132","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026040106041331500_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-644ST","volume":"171","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026040106041331500_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.4_suppl_2.186S","volume":"117","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026040106041331500_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-002-1514-0","volume":"28","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026040106041331500_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00003792","volume":"27","year":"2001","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026040106041331500_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.102.5_Supplement_1.557S","volume":"102","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026040106041331500_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.5.1204","volume":"109","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026040106041331500_BIB10","first-page":"A246","volume":"2","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"2026040106041331500_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.102.5_Supplement_1.571S","volume":"102","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026040106041331500_BIB12","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026040106041331500_BIB13","first-page":"307","volume":"1","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026040106041331500_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.2.541","volume":"103","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026040106041331500_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.4.1036","volume":"108","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/173\/11\/1229\/67405346\/ajrccm_173_11_1229.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/173\/11\/1229\/67405346\/ajrccm_173_11_1229.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T10:04:18Z","timestamp":1775037858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/173\/11\/1229\/8528263"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200512-1899oc","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]]}}}