{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T23:21:28Z","timestamp":1793402488434,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection with weekly rifapentine and isoniazid is a potentially effective alternative to current therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the efficacy of weekly rifapentine\/isoniazid to daily rifampin\/pyrazinamide in preventing TB in household contacts of patients with pulmonary TB in Brazil.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Contacts of patients with TB were randomized to rifapentine 900 mg\/isoniazid 900 mg once weekly for 12 wk or rifampin 450\u2013600 mg\/pyrazinamide 750\u20131,500 mg daily for 8 wk and followed for at least 2 yr.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TB rates, adverse events, and adherence to therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 399 household contacts were enrolled, 206 in the rifapentine\/isoniazid arm and 193 in the rifampin\/pyrazinamide arm. The median age was 34 yr, median weight was 63 kg, 60% of participants were female, and only one patient was HIV infected. Rifapentine\/isoniazid was well tolerated, but the trial was halted by the investigators before completion because of unanticipated hepatotoxicity in the rifampin\/pyrazinamide arm. Twenty of 193 participants (10%) receiving rifampin\/pyrazinamide experienced grade 3 or 4 hepatotoxicity, compared with 2 of 206 participants (1%) on rifapentine\/isoniazid (p &amp;lt; 0.001). There were no hospitalizations or deaths due to hepatotoxicity, and all participants' liver enzyme levels returned to normal during follow-up. During follow-up, four cases of active TB developed, three in the rifapentine\/isoniazid group and one in the rifampin\/pyrazinamide group (1.46 vs. 0.52%; difference, 0.94%; 95% confidence interval, \u22121.6 to 3.7%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rifapentine\/isoniazid was better tolerated than rifampin\/pyrazinamide and was associated with good protection against TB. Rifapentine\/isoniazid weekly for 12 wk is likely a promising therapy for latent TB infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200512-1953oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,10]],"date-time":"2006-02-10T20:43:56Z","timestamp":1139604236000},"page":"922-926","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Weekly Rifapentine\/Isoniazid or Daily Rifampin\/Pyrazinamide for Latent Tuberculosis in Household Contacts"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Mauro","family":"Schechter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Clementino Fraga Filho; Projeto Pra\u00e7a Onze, Hospital Escola S\u00e3o Francisco de Assis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Center for Tuberculosis Research and Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Zajdenverg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Clementino Fraga Filho; Projeto Pra\u00e7a Onze, Hospital Escola S\u00e3o Francisco de Assis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Center for Tuberculosis Research and Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisely","family":"Falco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Clementino Fraga Filho; Projeto Pra\u00e7a Onze, Hospital Escola S\u00e3o Francisco de Assis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Center for Tuberculosis Research and Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace Link","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Clementino Fraga Filho; Projeto Pra\u00e7a Onze, Hospital Escola S\u00e3o Francisco de Assis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Center for Tuberculosis Research and Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Cl\u00e1udio","family":"Faulhaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universit\u00e1rio Clementino Fraga Filho; Projeto Pra\u00e7a Onze, Hospital Escola S\u00e3o Francisco de Assis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Center for Tuberculosis Research and Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and International Health, 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