{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T08:03:37Z","timestamp":1774080217501,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]],"date-time":"2006-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1162339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The optimal approach for reducing tuberculosis relapse is open.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined the possibility of reducing relapse by increasing dosing schedules.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic review of published clinical trials involving adult cohorts with pulmonary tuberculosis treated using 6-mo rifamycin-containing regimens, which were grouped under seven categories ordered by dosing schedules. Assuming cavitation and positive 2-mo culture were the driving forces for relapse, a static deterministic model apportioned observed numbers with and without relapse in each cohort into eight subgroups. Combining subgroups stratified by cavitation, 2-mo culture, and regimens enabled estimation of adjusted relapse risks. \u03c72 Tests for trend and logistic regression analysis examined the relationship between relapse and dosing schedules.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 200 cases of bacteriologic relapse out of 5,208 patients in 32 cohorts. A logistic risk model showed a significant dose\u2013response relationship between dosing schedules and relapse, with the following odds (95% confidence intervals) of relapse relative to daily regimens: 1.6 (0.6\u20134.1) for daily initial phase (IP) plus thrice-weekly continuation phase (CP), 2.8 (1.3\u20136.1) for daily IP plus twice-weekly CP, 2.8 (1.4\u20135.7) for thrice-weekly, 5.0 (2.4\u201310.5) for daily IP plus once-weekly rifapentine, and 7.1 (3.3\u201315.3) for thrice-weekly IP plus once-weekly rifapentine. In the presence of cavitation, only 6-mo daily or daily IP plus thrice-weekly CP attained best-estimated relapse risks below 5%; they reached 6% when 2-mo culture was also positive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cavitary tuberculosis is best treated with 6-mo regimens comprising daily IP and thrice-weekly CP, which may be extended when 2-mo culture is positive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200605-637oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,14]],"date-time":"2006-08-14T20:34:14Z","timestamp":1155587654000},"page":"1153-1158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Dosing Schedules of 6-Month Regimens and Relapse for Pulmonary Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Kwok C.","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Center for Health Protection, Department of Health; Tuberculosis and Chest Unit, Grantham Hospital; and Hong Kong Tuberculosis, Chest, and Heart Diseases Association, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi C.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Center for Health Protection, Department of Health; Tuberculosis and Chest Unit, Grantham Hospital; and Hong Kong Tuberculosis, Chest, and Heart Diseases Association, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wing W.","family":"Yew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Center for Health Protection, Department of Health; Tuberculosis and Chest Unit, Grantham Hospital; and Hong Kong Tuberculosis, Chest, and Heart Diseases Association, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiu L.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Center for Health Protection, Department of Health; Tuberculosis and Chest Unit, Grantham Hospital; and Hong Kong Tuberculosis, Chest, and Heart Diseases Association, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheuk M.","family":"Tam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Center for Health Protection, Department of Health; Tuberculosis and Chest Unit, Grantham Hospital; and Hong Kong Tuberculosis, Chest, and Heart Diseases Association, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.167.4.603","volume":"167","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB2","first-page":"276","volume":"53","year":"1978","journal-title":"Bull Int Union Tuberc"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB3"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB4"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB5"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90537-1","volume":"347","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB7","first-page":"193","volume":"4","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09742-8","volume":"360","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.6.1339","volume":"136","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB10","first-page":"3","volume":"6","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/147.4.1062","volume":"147","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB12","first-page":"249","volume":"124","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-3879(76)90047-7","volume":"57","year":"1976","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-3879(80)90012-4","volume":"61","year":"1980","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.2.262","volume":"143","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB16","first-page":"446","volume":"1","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503233321204","volume":"332","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200201-047OC","volume":"165","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB19"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200407-905OC","volume":"170","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB21","first-page":"171","volume":"1","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-3879(82)80044-5","volume":"63","year":"1982","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB23","first-page":"CD000970","volume":"4","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB24","first-page":"119","volume":"1","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB25","first-page":"S231","volume":"3","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.4_Pt_1.700","volume":"143","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200311-1612OC","volume":"169","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB28","first-page":"423","volume":"133","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB29","first-page":"27","volume":"134","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB30","first-page":"51","volume":"38","year":"1991","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB31","first-page":"40","volume":"5","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB32"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB33"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB34"},{"key":"2026032102373993000_BIB35","first-page":"1040","volume":"15","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/174\/10\/1153\/67406422\/ajrccm_174_10_1153.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/174\/10\/1153\/67406422\/ajrccm_174_10_1153.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T06:37:44Z","timestamp":1774075064000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/174\/10\/1153\/8527241"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200605-637oc","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}}}