{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T08:14:01Z","timestamp":1788682441285,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 release assays are approved for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), limited data exist regarding their performance in HIV infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare tuberculin skin test (TST) results to the commercial IFN-\u03b3 release assay QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) for the diagnosis of LTBI in HIV-infected adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 294 HIV-infected subjects sampled from two San Francisco cohorts underwent TST, using 5 TU of purified protein derivative, and QFT, measuring IFN-\u03b3 response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis\u2013specific RD-1 antigens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 294 participants, 205 (70%) returned for an evaluable TST. Concordance between QFT and TST was 89.3% (kappa = 0.37, p = 0.007). However, in subjects with positive test results by either TST or QFT, only 28% (8\/29) had positive test results by both modalities. TST-positive\/QFT-negative discordant results were found in 5.1% of subjects and TST-negative\/QFT-positive discordance in 5.6%. Indeterminate QFT results occurred in 5.1%, all due to a failure to respond to the phytohemagglutinin-positive control. Subjects with a CD4+ count of less than 100 cells\/mm3 had a relative risk of an indeterminate result of 4.24 (95% confidence interval, 1.55\u201311.61; p= 0.003) compared with those with a CD4+ count of 100 or more.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall concordance between QFT and TST in HIV infection was high, but agreement among subjects with positive tests by either modality was low.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200608-1088oc","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,11]],"date-time":"2007-01-11T21:05:19Z","timestamp":1168549519000},"page":"737-742","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["Comparison of an Interferon-\u03b3 Release Assay with Tuberculin Skin Testing in HIV-infected Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Annie F.","family":"Luetkemeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/AIDS Division, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California"},{"name":"Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin D.","family":"Charlebois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura L.","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Bangsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/AIDS Division, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California"},{"name":"Epidemiology and Prevention Interventions Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven G.","family":"Deeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/AIDS Division, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey N.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/AIDS Division, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane V.","family":"Havlir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HIV\/AIDS Division, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB1","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000176211.08581.5a","volume":"19","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199604150-00005","volume":"11","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.5.792","volume":"88","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430190107015","volume":"155","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90649-5","volume":"89","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02742-2","volume":"356","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00016906","volume":"28","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.22.2756","volume":"293","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1586\/14737159.6.3.413","volume":"6","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-56","volume":"7","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1086\/380098","volume":"189","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.7.1207","volume":"94","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB14"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.4.16141","volume":"161","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200402-232OC","volume":"170","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200502-196OC","volume":"172","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.22.2746","volume":"293","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.04.007","volume":"54","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.13.1.53-58.2006","volume":"13","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB21","first-page":"310","volume":"10","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200608-1099OC","volume":"175","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200402-179OC","volume":"170","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1086\/499311","volume":"193","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB25","first-page":"49","volume":"54","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1086\/381754","volume":"38","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200511-1783OC","volume":"174","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5217","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.9.5217","volume":"167","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6673-1-7","volume":"1","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Occup Med Toxicol"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB30","first-page":"1034","volume":"9","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200305020-00027","volume":"17","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.154","volume":"74","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2095","volume":"117","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB34","first-page":"988","volume":"8","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.5.934","volume":"31","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026032102281046900_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)89457-0","volume":"100","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Med"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/175\/7\/737\/67331714\/ajrccm_175_7_737.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article-pdf\/175\/7\/737\/67331714\/ajrccm_175_7_737.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T06:28:22Z","timestamp":1774074502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ajrccm\/article\/175\/7\/737\/8518447"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200608-1088oc","relation":{},"ISSN":["1073-449X","1535-4970"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1073-449X","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-4970","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]]}}}